P2P网络借贷平台法律风险与防范

发布时间：2018-04-07 15:43

本文选题：网络借贷平台　切入点：信息中介机构　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：网络借贷是一种普惠金融,依托于互联网在借款人和贷款人之间形成了一座桥梁,从而促成交易的实现。这种新型的借贷模式最早出现在欧美国家,2005年在英国成立的Zopa和2006年在美国成立的繁荣市场(Propser Marketplace Inc),这种模式的便利性和跨地域性很快成为人们借贷的首选,并在全球风靡起来。自2007年我国首家网络借贷平台出现以来,现在已有超过两千的网络借贷平台在我国存在,但由于一直缺乏相应法律的监管,因此,我国的网络借贷行业存在着"多、乱、杂"的现象。仅在2016年一年内就发生宜人贷的巨额亏损、e速贷的非法吸收公众存款、借贷宝的裸条风波等等重大事件,可见网络借贷行业已经到了亟需得到处理的时候。文章共分为四个部分。第一部分从定义和特征两个角度,论述了 P2P网络借贷平台的含义。根据P2P网贷平台的实际运营情况,本文采用了广义的定义解释,并通过将平台与最为相似的两个概念——网上银行和小额贷款公司——进行比较,总结出平台本身所具有的容易满足借款人需求、借贷手续简便快捷、虚拟化程度高、促进资金流通的四个特性。同时,在本章对平台的法律性质进行了界定,阐述了"类金融机构模式"、"信息中介机构模式"和"金融机构模式"三种观点,本文认为将P2P网络借贷平台定位为一个信息中介机构更加合理。第二部分分别着重分析了单一信息中介模式、债权转让模式、提供担保模式下网络借贷平台的实践运营模式及所涉及到的法律关系,在法律关系中着重分析了网络借贷平台作为一方当事人的居间合同、债权转让合同、担保合同关系,为下一部分奠定了基础。同时,这一部分还分析了债权转让模式和担保模式的P2P网络借贷借贷平台的合法性。第三部分论述了 P2P网络借贷平台在实际业务中可能带来的法律风险,包括平台业务操作所导致的风险和平台业务可能导致的非法性风险。第四部分提出P2P网络借贷平台的风险防范对策,认为相比于"一刀切"的做法,完善的风险防范对策更加有利于P2P网络借贷行业的发展。
[Abstract]:Network lending is a kind of inclusive finance, relying on the Internet to form a bridge between borrowers and lenders, thus facilitating the realization of transactions.Since the emergence of the first online lending platform in China in 2007, there have been more than two thousand online lending platforms in our country. However, due to the lack of corresponding legal supervision, the online lending industry in our country has been "more and more chaotic."The "miscellaneous" phenomenonIn 2016 alone, there have been huge losses on loanable loans, illegal take-home of public deposits and the naked blight of lending treasures, suggesting that the online lending industry has reached a point where it needs to be dealt with urgently.The article is divided into four parts.The first part discusses the meaning of P2P network lending platform from the two angles of definition and characteristics.According to the actual operation of P2P network loan platform, this paper uses a broad definition to explain, and by comparing the platform with the two most similar concepts-online banking and microfinance companies.It summarizes the four characteristics of the platform which are easy to meet the needs of borrowers, easy to borrow and quick, high virtualization, and promote the circulation of funds.At the same time, in this chapter, the legal nature of the platform is defined, and the three viewpoints of "financial institution model", "information intermediary organization model" and "financial institution model" are expounded.This paper argues that it is more reasonable to position P2P network lending platform as an information intermediary.The second part focuses on the analysis of the single information intermediary model, the transfer model of creditor's rights, the practical operation model and the legal relationship of the network lending platform under the mode of providing guarantee.In the legal relationship, the author emphatically analyzes the network lending platform as a party's intermediary contract, creditor's rights transfer contract and guarantee contract relationship, which lays the foundation for the next part.At the same time, this part also analyzes the legitimacy of P2P network lending and lending platform based on debt transfer model and guarantee mode.The third part discusses the legal risks that the P2P network lending platform may bring in the actual business, including the risk caused by the platform operation and the illegal risk caused by the platform business.The fourth part puts forward the risk prevention countermeasures of P2P network lending platform. Compared with the "one-size-fits-all" approach, the perfect risk prevention countermeasures are more conducive to the development of P2P network lending industry.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.28

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