保险合同中免责条款的解读

发布时间：2018-04-15 14:46

本文选题：保险 + 免责　；参考：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：保险合同免责条款中存在的问题对保险司法审判有重大而直接的影响。目前的立法和司法中存在免责条款范围不明和裁判思维不清的问题。免责条款的范围不够明确,法官对此的认识存在差异,审判实践中存在着简单以保险人未尽提示说明义务即认定免责条款无效的做法,难以体现免责条款的实质公平性。本文立足于对保险人免除责任的探析,即分析保险人如何将责任免除的技术性问题。论文首先指出免责条款存在的问题,第二部分和第三部分通过对免责条款与相关法律表述的文义分析,以及保险责任范围与免责条款关系的阐述,初步明确免责的范围。免责条款包括但不限于保险合同中的“责任免除”条款。2009年修订后的保险法第十七条将原来“关于保险人责任免除条款”的表述修改为“免除保险人责任的条款”,使得免责条款概念完成了从狭义到广义的拓展和转变。“免除保险人依法应承担义务”的条款是典型的免责条款。保险责任范围与免责条款的关系不仅仅是包含关系,也存在原因关系等复杂关系。关于保险责任范围的限定是否构成免责条款应结合保险合同的基本属性及对价均衡原则等加以判断。论文第四部分依据不同划分标准,将免责条款分为:法定免责条款与约定免责条款、原因免责条款与结果免责条款、实体免责条款与程序免责条款,并在此基础上结合具体案例对免责条款的构造及其法理作进一步解读。第五部分将免责条款置于保险法中两项重要的解释原则即不利解释原则和合理期待原则之下,通过对免责条款司法样态的分析,阐述司法对免责条款的具体控制方法。最后,通过对全文的回顾,指出了对免责条款的实体控制与程序控制具有同样的重要性,并对实际中的一些新做法予以评议。
[Abstract]:The problems existing in the exemption clause of insurance contract have great and direct influence on the judicial trial of insurance.In the current legislation and judicature, the scope of exemption clauses is unclear and the judgment thinking is unclear.The scope of the exemption clause is not clear enough, there are differences in the understanding of the judge, there is a simple practice in trial practice that the insurer failed to show the obligation to explain, that is to say, the exemption clause is invalid, it is difficult to reflect the substantive fairness of the exemption clause.This paper is based on the analysis of the insurer's exemption from liability, that is, the technical problem of how to exempt the insurer from liability.The second part and the third part clarify the scope of exemption by analyzing the meaning of exemption clause and related legal expression, as well as the relationship between the scope of insurance liability and exemption clause.The exemption clause includes, but is not limited to, the "exemption from liability" clause in insurance contracts. Article 17 of the Insurance Law, as amended in 2009, changed the original expression of "exemption clause of insurer's liability" to "clause of exemption from liability of insurer".So that the concept of exemption clause from the narrow sense to the broad sense of the expansion and transformation.The clause of "exempting the insurer from the obligation according to law" is a typical exemption clause.The relationship between the scope of insurance liability and the exemption clause is not only including the relationship, but also the relationship of reasons and so on.Whether the limitation of the scope of insurance liability constitutes an exemption clause should be judged in combination with the basic attributes of the insurance contract and the principle of equilibrium of consideration.The fourth part of the thesis divides the exemption clause into statutory exemption clause and agreed exemption clause, reason exemption clause and result exemption clause, substantive exemption clause and procedural exemption clause.And on this basis combined with specific cases to the structure of exemption clauses and legal theory for further interpretation.The fifth part puts the exemption clause under the unfavorable interpretation principle and the reasonable expectation principle in the insurance law, through the analysis of the judicial pattern of the exemption clause, expounds the concrete control method of the judicial to the exemption clause.Finally, by reviewing the full text, the author points out that the substantive control of exemption clauses is as important as the procedural control, and comments on some new practices in practice.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284

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