公私合作制的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 15:58

本文选题：公私合作 + 政府监管　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公私合作制(PPP)模式是公共部门和私人部门共同供给公共产品的一种合作模式,其核心是以“合作”的方式将私营部门通过政府与私人部门公私合作制协议的签署引入至公共产品领域,公私合作模式在公共基础设施建设中作为一种方式在国外已得到有效运用,我国近几年也在不断探索,有些地方有些领域已做了有益尝试,对于缓解政府的财政压力、提高公共产品供给的效率和质量有很大帮助。公私合作制项目属于市场经济活动的一部分,但是它存在着社会公共利益最大化与私人部门资本利益最大化的冲突以及行政特权与契约自由之间的矛盾,同时作为该模式重要保障的法律制度存在明显滞后的现象,包括监管和救济都没有明确的规定。公私合作制的核心是特许经营权,具体体现在公私合作协议上权利义务的分配,公私合作制协议是政府部门与私人部门之间有关经营权、所有权的让渡与分配涉及双方权利义务的合同。关于公私合作制协议性质的确定对整个公私合作制的运行以规范都起到十分重要的作用,公私合作制协议涉及三方主体,包括政府(公共部门)、私人部门且其权利义务的分配将涉及公众的利益。政府在公私合作制中承担着规则制定者、监管者和项目参与者的三重角色,其中,政府监管者的身份要求政府必须对整个项目进行谨慎的监管。另外,由于公私合作制项目与社会公众利益密切相关,对社会公众利益的保护也极为重要,不仅应该体现在对公私合作制项目的监管上,也应该体现在对公私合作制发生侵权时对公众的救济上。关于公私合作制的监管上可以从三个方面考虑,包括公私合作制项目初期关于政府对合作伙伴的选择即政府的投资、对公私合作制项目的监管以及社会公众的监督。对政府投资的监管有其理论依据,其最终目的是确保政府职能的发挥,保障公共利益的实现;对公私合作制项目的监管覆盖公私合作制开展运营的全部阶段;最后公众的监督对公私合作制十分重要,社会公众作为公共产品或者服务最终的消费者和评价者更能切身体会,发挥公众的监督作用对公私合作制的监管有一定作用。我国公私合作制现行救济制度缺乏对第三人的保护,同时也尚未明确是否适用行政诉讼,通过分析现有制度的不足,根据公私合作制制度设计的初衷、理论、公私合作制协议性质以及不同制度的相关理论,尝试提出解决问题的途径,如调解制度、行政诉讼的适用以及国家赔偿制度的适用,以期在法律上对公私合作模式进行指导和规制,以达致民生福祉的价值追求与市场效益诉求的衡平,避免形成社会资源浪费和风险蔓延,保障公私合作制的顺利开展及运行,更好地发挥政府职能,服务于社会公众。
[Abstract]:The public-private partnership system (PPP) is a mode of cooperation between the public sector and the private sector in the supply of public goods. At its core is the introduction of the private sector into the field of public goods through the signing of public-private partnership agreements between the Government and the private sector in a "cooperative" manner. Public-private cooperation model has been effectively used in the construction of public infrastructure in foreign countries. In recent years, China has been constantly exploring, some areas in some areas have made useful attempts to alleviate the financial pressure of the government. Improving the efficiency and quality of public goods supply is of great help. The public-private cooperative project is a part of the market economy, but it has the conflict between the maximization of the social public interest and the private sector capital benefit, and the contradiction between the administrative privilege and the freedom of contract. At the same time, the legal system, which is an important guarantee of this model, is obviously lagging behind, including the regulation and relief. The core of the public-private cooperative system is the franchise, which is embodied in the distribution of rights and obligations in the public-private partnership agreement, which is the relevant management right between the government and the private sector. The assignment and distribution of ownership is a contract involving the rights and obligations of both parties. The determination of the nature of the public-private cooperative agreement plays a very important role in regulating the operation of the whole public-private cooperative system, which involves the tripartite subject. Including the government (public sector, private sector) and its distribution of rights and obligations will be in the public interest. The government plays a triple role as a rulemaker, a regulator and a project participant in a public-private partnership, in which the identity of a government regulator requires the government to exercise careful supervision over the entire project. In addition, because the public and private cooperative projects are closely related to the interests of the public, the protection of the public interests is also extremely important, which should not only be reflected in the supervision of the public and private cooperative projects. It should also be reflected in the relief to the public when the public-private-cooperation system is infringed. The supervision of public-private cooperative system can be considered from three aspects, including the choice of the government to the partner in the initial stage of the public-private cooperative project, the supervision of the public-private cooperative project and the supervision of the public. The supervision of government investment has its theoretical basis, and its ultimate purpose is to ensure the function of government and the realization of public interest, and the supervision of public-private cooperative projects covers all stages of the operation of public-private cooperative system. Finally, the supervision of the public is very important to the system of public-private cooperation, the public as the final consumer and evaluator of public goods or services can experience more personally, and the role of public supervision plays a certain role in the supervision of the public-private partnership system. The current relief system of the public-private cooperative system in China lacks the protection of the third party, and at the same time, it is not clear whether the administrative litigation is applicable. Through the analysis of the deficiencies of the existing system, according to the original intention of the design of the public-private cooperative system, the theory, The nature of the agreement and the relevant theories of different systems, try to put forward solutions to the problem, such as mediation system, the application of administrative proceedings and the application of the national compensation system. In order to guide and regulate the public-private cooperation mode in law, to achieve the balance between the value pursuit of people's livelihood welfare and the demand of market benefit, to avoid the waste of social resources and the spread of risks, and to ensure the smooth development and operation of the public-private cooperative system Better play the role of government and serve the public.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1;D922.29

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