我国保险法不可抗辩条款研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 07:16

本文选题：保险法 + 不可抗辩条款　；参考：《广东财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：不可抗辩条款,作为限制保险人合同解除权的制度之一,是指保险人不得以被保险人误告或隐瞒事实为由,主张合同无效或拒绝赔偿。该条款规定从保险合同生效之日起满一定时期后,保险合同成为不可争议合同,保险人对投保人订立保险合同时未履行如实告知义务的行为不能行使抗辩权,即不能凭此事由解除保险合同。该条款发挥了限制保险人滥用合同解除权和保障投保人信赖利益的重要作用。然而,自不可抗辩条款制度建立以来,虽然其内涵丰富且意义重大,但依然存在法律规定过于抽象和简单的问题,引起了学界争议,也导致了司法实务适用中缺乏统一性的指引。所以,本文将试结合民法原理和英美保险法上的制度渊源,运用实证分析法和比较分析法对我国不可抗辩条款的理论基础与司法适用过程的具体问题进行研究,以期对我国不可抗辩条款的完善有所裨益。本文主要由四个部分组成,其主要内容如下:第一部分,对不可抗辩条款的内涵、沿革及适用进行论述。从不可抗辩条款的内涵出发,着重对其与其他限制保险人抗辩权的弃权和禁止反言规则进行辨析。通过对不可抗辩条款的起源与发展历程的阐述,客观评析了各国和地区及我国的保险法不可抗辩条款的立法现状,提出了我国保险法不可抗辩条款的司法审判适用状况及其存在的问题。第二部分,着重探讨不可抗辩条款的理论基础和功能。引入不可抗辩条款的理论基础在于诚实信用、公平、信赖利益与保险合同的合理期待原则。不可抗辩条款发挥了保障投保人的信赖利益、限制保险人滥用解除权、督促保险人严格核保与重塑保险业行业形象的功能。第三部分,具体分析和总结我国保险法不可抗辩条款适用中的争议问题。包括:不可抗辩条款的适用范围;投保人投保欺诈应否适用不可抗辩条款;不可抗辩条款的适用前提应否限于二年内未发生保险事故;不可抗辩条款解除权与合同法撤销权的适用关系;保险合同复效时可抗辩期的起算。第四部分,提出完善不可抗辩条款适用的建议,同时提出不可抗辩条款适用的配套机制的建立。第一,明确不可抗辩条款既适用于人身保险也适用于财产保险。第二,明确规定恶意投保欺诈不适用不可抗辩条款。第三,明确规定适用前提应限于二年内未发生保险事故。第四,明确不可抗辩条款解除权与合同法撤销权的适用关系。第五,明确保险合同复效时可抗辩期间的起算。在建立配套机制方面,第一,加强保险代理人的培训管理。第二,加强保险公司核保业务管理。第三,建立保险行业信息共享机制。
[Abstract]:The non-defense clause, as one of the system that limits the insurer's right to rescind the contract, is that the insurer should not claim invalidity of the contract or refuse to compensate for the reason that the insured may misinform or conceal the facts. This clause stipulates that after the expiration of a certain period from the effective date of the insurance contract, the insurance contract becomes an indisputable contract, and the insurer cannot exercise the right of defense against the policy holder's failure to perform the obligation of truthful notification when the insurance contract is concluded. That is to say, the insurance contract cannot be cancelled on the basis of this matter. This clause plays an important role in restricting the insurer from abusing the right to rescind the contract and protecting the trusty interests of the policyholder. However, since the establishment of the indefensible clause system, although its connotation is rich and significant, there still exists the problem that the legal provisions are too abstract and simple, which has aroused controversy in academic circles. It also leads to the lack of uniform guidance in the application of judicial practice. Therefore, this article will combine the civil law principle and the British and American insurance law system origin, uses the empirical analysis method and the comparative analysis method to study our country non-defensible clause theory foundation and the concrete question of the judicial application process. In order to improve the non-defensible clause of our country. This paper consists of four parts. The main contents are as follows: the first part discusses the connotation, evolution and application of the non-defensible clause. Based on the connotation of the non-defense clause, this paper analyzes the rule of abstaining and estoppel from other restricted insurer's right of defense. By expounding the origin and development of the non-defensible clause, this paper objectively comments on the legislative status of the non-defensible clause in the insurance law of various countries and regions and in our country. This paper puts forward the application status and existing problems of the non-defensible clause in insurance law of our country. The second part focuses on the theoretical basis and function of the non-defensible clause. The theoretical basis of the introduction of non-defensible clause lies in the principles of good faith, fairness, trust interest and reasonable expectation of insurance contract. The non-defensible clause exerts the functions of protecting the trust-benefit of the policyholder, restricting the insurer's abusing the right of rescission, urging the insurer to strictly guarantee and reshaping the image of the insurance industry. The third part, analyzes and summarizes the dispute in the application of the non-defense clause of insurance law in our country. It includes: the scope of application of the non-defensible clause; whether the insured should apply the non-defensible clause in the insurance fraud; whether the application premise of the non-defensible clause should be limited to the absence of an insurance accident within two years; The relationship between the right of rescission of non-defensible clause and the right of rescission of contract law. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions to perfect the application of the non-defense clause and the establishment of the supporting mechanism for the application of the non-defense clause. First, it is clear that the non-defense clause applies to both personal and property insurance. Second, it is clear that malicious insurance fraud is not applicable to the non-defensible clause. Third, specify that the applicable premise should be limited to two years without an insurance accident. Fourthly, the relationship between the right of rescission of non-defense clause and the right of rescission of contract law is made clear. Fifth, define the insurance contract can be rebuttal when the starting period. In the establishment of supporting mechanisms, first, strengthen the training of insurance agents management. Second, strengthen insurance company insurance business management. Third, establish the insurance industry information sharing mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284

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