普惠金融背景下我国村镇银行的法律规制

发布时间：2018-04-29 04:29

本文选题：普惠金融 + 村镇银行　；参考：《山东财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为现代农村经济的核心,农村金融可有效促进农业,甚至是整个农村经济的发展。而对农村金融需求而言,它主要具备了以下几个特点:一是需求额度小;二是频率高;三是风险大,正是这些特点导致大中型金融机构很难从中获得收益。也正因如此,农村小微企业和农户才会备受金融机构的冷漠,将其排除在金融服务的范畴之外。从此,融资难成了农村小微企业和农户发展过程中面临的最大难题之一。为此,应切实加大农村金融的改革力度,并以农村金融需求的特点和变化情况为参考依据,适当增加农村金融供给,从而使农村金融的服务质量得以有效提升。关于农村金融改革的重点,应切实放在农村普惠金融体系的构建上,因为农村普惠金融体系要求金融服务能够覆盖所有的社会阶层和群体,尤其是那些被现有金融体系所冷漠的社会人群。自十八届三中全会将普惠金融正式写入党的决议,以及2015年政府工作报告提出让普惠金融成为中小企业的雨露甘霖,再到2016年两会上提出大力发展普惠金融,普惠金融引起了社会的广泛关注,并且我国一直在努力推进普惠金融的发展。村镇银行作为农村金融改革的重要成果,其发展增加了农村金融市场的供给,使三农融资难、融资贵问题有所缓解,推进了普惠金融体系的完善,是普惠金融体系的重要内容之一。但是不得不引起重视的是我国的村镇银行在其发展过程中,有关村镇银行的法律、法规和监管机制仍不健全,运作机制仍不规范,这导致具有普惠意义的村镇银行出现偏离支农目标的倾向,这无论是对村镇银行的可持续发展,还是对提高农民或小微企业金融服务可获得性的过程而言,都是很不利的。本文在普惠金融的背景下,对村镇银行运行中法律规制存在的问题以及如何进一步完善着重进行分析。全文主要包括绪论、正文和结束语三个部分,而正文部分又细分如下:第一部分,理论概述。首先对普惠金融理念的涵义、发展历程及构建普惠金融体系的必要性进行分析,指出他的早期形态是小额信贷,是对小额信贷扶贫理念的深化和发展,而村镇银行则是普惠金融理念下的一种金融实践活动。其次,对村镇银行的产生背景、概念、特征及设立意义进行概述,其具有的独特性决定了应当对其进行有别于其他银行的法律规制,为后文的研究奠定基础。第二部分,在对我国村镇银行发展现状以及法律规制现状进行梳理的基础上,重点总结了我国村镇银行法律规制存在的问题,特别是与普惠金融理念相背离的方面。主要有市场定位偏差、法律位阶偏低、发起人制度与股权结构不合理、贷款风险防范机制不健全以及监管机制缺乏针对性等问题,对下文有针对性地提出完善村镇银行法律规制的建议,予以一定的支持。第三部分,在分析国外相关金融机构法律规制内容的基础上,归纳出村镇银行法律规制在国际上的成功经验。主要分析了有代表性的两个国家,即孟加拉的乡村银行和美国社区银行,指出这些国际上的微型金融机构的相关法律规制对我国的启示,尤其是与普惠金融理念一致的,对我国村镇银行法律规制进行相应的制度设计具有重要的借鉴意义。第四部分,对前文的归纳和总结,并在此基础上提出了一系列有效解决问题的对策和建议。首先,应切实以普惠金融理念为出发点,来明确村镇银行法律规制的价值取向以及原则;然后按照上述的价值取向与原则的指引,对法律规制的构建提出了一些具体的建议。
[Abstract]:As the core of modern rural economy, rural finance can effectively promote agriculture and even the development of the whole rural economy. In terms of rural financial demand, it has the following characteristics: first, the demand is small; two is the high frequency; the three is a large risk, and it is these characteristics that it is difficult for large and medium-sized financial institutions to gain income. Because of this, the small and micro enterprises and farmers in rural areas will be indifferent to financial institutions and exclude them from the category of financial services. From then on, financing is difficult to become one of the biggest problems in the development of rural small and micro enterprises and farmers. Therefore, the reform of rural finance should be strengthened, and the characteristics of rural financial demand and the characteristics of rural financial demand should be strengthened. The change is the reference basis, and the rural financial supply is properly increased so that the quality of the rural financial services can be effectively promoted. The focus of the rural financial reform should be put on the construction of the rural inclusive financial system, because the rural inclusive financial system requires financial services to cover all social strata and groups, especially in the rural areas. It is the social crowd that is indifferent to the existing financial system. Since the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was formally written to the party's resolution, and the report of the government work in 2015 put forward the rain and dew of the small and medium sized enterprises, and then on the two meetings in 2016, we put forward a great effort to develop the Inclusive Finance. And our country has been trying to promote the development of Inclusive Finance. As an important achievement of the rural financial reform, the village bank has increased the supply of rural financial market, made it difficult to finance the three rural areas, relieved the problem of financing, promoted the perfection of the inclusive financial system, and was one of the important contents of the inclusive financial system. In the course of the development of the village and town banks in China, the laws, regulations and regulatory mechanisms of the village and town banks are still not perfect, and the operating mechanism is still not standardized. This leads to the tendency of the village banks to deviate from the target of supporting agriculture, whether it is the sustainable development of the village banks or the improvement of the peasants or the small ones. In the process of the availability of financial services for micro enterprises, it is very unfavorable. Under the background of Inclusive Finance, this paper focuses on the problems and how to further improve the legal regulation in the operation of village and town banks. The full text includes three parts: introduction, text and concluding remarks, and the body part is subdivided as follows: the first part, First of all, the paper analyzes the meaning, the course of development and the necessity of constructing the inclusive financial system. It points out that his early form is microfinance, the deepening and development of the concept of poverty alleviation, and the village bank is a financial practice under the principle of Inclusive Finance. The background, the concept, the characteristics and the significance of the establishment are summarized. The uniqueness of which determines the legal regulation that should be different from other banks and lays the foundation for the study of the latter. In the second part, on the basis of combing the current situation of the development of the village and town banks and the status of legal regulation in our country, the paper focuses on the summary of the village and Town Silver in China. There are some problems in the legal regulation, especially the deviations from the Pratt and inclusive financial ideas. There are some problems in the following aspects: the deviation of the market position, the low level of the legal position, the unreasonable system of the promoter and the ownership structure, the unsound mechanism of the risk prevention of the loan and the lack of pertinence of the regulatory mechanism. The third part, on the basis of the analysis of the legal regulation of foreign related financial institutions, sums up the successful experience of the legal regulation of village banks in the world. It mainly analyzes two representative countries, namely, rural banks in Bangladesh and the American community banks. The relevant legal rules and regulations of the financial institutions to our country, especially in accordance with the inclusive financial concept, have important reference significance to the corresponding system design of the legal regulation of the village and town banks in our country. The fourth part, the summary and summary of the previous article, and on this basis, put forward a series of countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problems effectively. First, the value orientation and principles of the legal regulation of village and town banks should be clearly defined as the starting point of the concept of Inclusive Finance, and then some specific suggestions on the construction of legal regulation should be put forward according to the guidance of the values and principles mentioned above.

【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.28

【相似文献】