我国石油行业反垄断法规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 11:10

本文选题：石油行业 + 管制　；参考：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：竞争和法治是我国社会主义市场经济的必然要求。党的十八届三中全会明确指出,“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。”党的十八届四中全会提出了全面依法治国的重大决定。文章对石油行业反垄断法适用问题进行研究是一个比较应景且前卫的话题。去年年底,被誉为“结构改革和全面依法治国”试金石的南北车合并的报告中指出,合并需要商务部和境外反垄断机构的批准。作为国有企业,主动接受反垄断审查对于石油行业的反垄断法适用具有重要的示范意义。2014年,国务院印发的《关于促进市场公平竞争维护市场正常秩序的若干意见》指出,改革市场准入制度,打破地区封锁和行业垄断,严厉惩处垄断行为,保障公平竞争。国家能源局发布的《能源监管行动计划(2014-2018年)》中提出,促进能源垄断环节公平公开。国资委把石油行业界定为特殊行业,认为其集自然垄断性、竞争性和公益性为一体。早在2009年,外商投资成品油的审批权已经下放至省级主管部门。在地方,民营加油站已不鲜见。从消费者角度看,对“三桶油”的垄断早已嗤之以鼻。在原油进口、海上开采、石油冶炼、成品油零售等环节正在逐步引入竞争。国家高度管制之下,虽然反垄断法适用空间狭小,但是不是没有空间。例如,在油田工程技术服务领域就处于相对市场化状态。随着我国大跨步进入“油气时代”,在我国能源体制的改革中,石油行业改革直接关系改革的成败。我国政府对石油行业的高度管制造成了“三桶油”在我国石油市场占95%份额。经济体制改革的滞后造成了产业政策长期优位于竞争政策,且我国《反垄断法》颁布较晚,实施面还很窄。《反垄断法》具有竞争、效率和公平的价值,致力于维护公平的竞争秩序,维护消费者的合法权益。“三桶油”自身具有先行者的优势,国家对其的授权是政府管制的体现。石油行业的发展遇到了竞争不充分以及政企不分等困境。世界上主要国家的石油行业都是以市场为基础,辅助以政府管制,其竞争政策发挥着重要作用。在考察国外和我国国情的基础之上,政府应该以市场为导向,放松管制,引入竞争,重视竞争政策,培养竞争文化推进《反垄断法》自身完善。
[Abstract]:Competition and the rule of law are the inevitable requirements of our socialist market economy. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that "make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play the role of the government." The fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward a major decision to rule the country according to law. This paper studies the application of anti-monopoly law in petroleum industry is an appropriate and avant-garde topic. At the end of last year, the report on the North-South car merger, known as the "structural reform and comprehensive rule of law", pointed out that the merger required approval from the Ministry of Commerce and foreign antitrust agencies. As a state-owned enterprise, taking the initiative to accept anti-monopoly review has important demonstration significance for the application of anti-monopoly law in the petroleum industry. In 2014, the State Council issued several opinions on promoting fair competition in the market and maintaining the normal order of the market. We will reform the market access system, break regional blockades and trade monopolies, severely punish monopolies, and ensure fair competition. The National Energy Administration's Energy Regulatory Action Plan 2014-2018 proposes to promote fair and open energy monopolies. The SASAC defines the petroleum industry as a special industry, which integrates natural monopoly, competition and public welfare. As early as 2009, foreign investment in refined oil products has been delegated to provincial authorities. In the local, private gas stations are not uncommon. From a consumer's point of view, the "three barrels of oil" monopoly has long been scoffed. In crude oil import, offshore extraction, oil refining, refined oil retail and other links are gradually introducing competition. Under the state's high degree of control, although the application of anti-monopoly law is narrow, but not without space. For example, in the field of oilfield engineering and technical services is in a relatively market-oriented state. With China's great leap into the "oil and gas era", in the reform of China's energy system, the reform of the petroleum industry is directly related to the success or failure of the reform. Our government's high regulation of the petroleum industry has resulted in "three barrels of oil" accounting for 95% of the oil market in our country. The lag of economic system reform has resulted in the long-term superiority of industrial policy lies in competition policy, and the anti-monopoly law of our country has been promulgated relatively late, and the implementation area is still very narrow. The Anti-monopoly Law has the value of competition, efficiency and fairness. Committed to the maintenance of fair competition order, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. "three barrels of oil" itself has the advantage of the forerunner, the state's authorization is the embodiment of government regulation. The development of the petroleum industry has encountered difficulties such as inadequate competition and the separation of government and enterprises. The petroleum industry of major countries in the world is based on the market, supplemented by government regulation, and its competition policy plays an important role. On the basis of investigating the national conditions of foreign countries and our country, the government should take the market as the guide, relax the control, introduce competition, attach importance to competition policy, train the competition culture and promote the perfection of the Anti-monopoly Law.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294

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