反垄断法视野下行政审批制度改革

发布时间：2018-05-02 10:27

本文选题：反垄断法 + 行政审批　；参考：《浙江财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：行政审批是行政机关根据行政相对人的申请，准许或不准许其从事某项特定活动的行政行为。行政审批制度的实质是政府对资源的一种配置，是公权力直接干预私权利的一种手段。通过审批，行政机关审查行政相对人的经营范围、经营能力等，从而加强市场管制，弥补市场缺陷。但是，随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深化，传统的行政审批制度已不再适应我国经济发展的需求。不仅如此，行政机关通过对行政审批权的滥用，强制限制市场交易、强制限制市场竞争，强制限制市场准入，从而在一定程度上造成了行政垄断，阻碍了市场竞争，破坏了自由市场秩序。行政机关滥用行政审批权力实施行政垄断的原因归咎为：政府本位、权力寻租、分权改革、经济转轨和法制不健全等。反垄断法被誉为“自由经济的大宪章”，也是社会主义市场经济建立的基础性法律规范。2008年我国出台的《反垄断法》，其立法目的就是为了预防和制止垄断行为，，保护市场自由竞争，提高经济运行效率。我国行政审批制度改革需要借助反垄断法。此外，《反垄断法》第五章明确规定了滥用行政权力排除、限制竞争的形式，包括：1.不得限定或者变相限定交易。2.不得妨害商品在地区之间的自由流通。3.不得排斥或者限制外地经营者参加本地招标投标活动。4.不得排斥或者限制外地经营者进入本地。5.不得强制限制经营者从事垄断行为。6.不得滥用行政权力指定限制竞争的抽象行政行为。党的十八届三中全会指出，现阶段我国全面深化改革的目标是完善中国特色社会主义制度，紧紧围绕市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，核心就是处理好政府与市场之间的关系，使市场在资源配置中的作用从原先的“基础性”调整到“决定性”的作用，重新激活市场活力。未来行政审批制度改革路径应以反垄断法作为基础，以防范滥用行政审批权力实施行政垄断为内容。具体如下：第一、可以从尊重市场规律，促进有效竞争和加强政府服务，提高经济效率两方面来提升行政审批制度改革的反垄断价值，其中在原则上需要明确指出政府干预市场的原则，应该局限于政府服务于市场，市场第一，政府第二；第二、可以从行政权力内部控制和行政权力外部控制两方面强化对利用行政审批权实施行政垄断行为的规制，其中内部控制可以从行政机关自身规制好行政垄断的类型化工作和充分发挥好上级机关、监察机关的监督执法作用；第三、可以继续推进行政审批制度的配套改革，根据《国务院关于促进市场公平竞争维护市场正常秩序的若干意见》建立权力清单，行政机关以清单的方式明确列出每个行政机关单位，每个行政岗位的权责，给行政权力划定边界。在清单之外，行政机关无权干预行政相对人，从而真正达到法无明文规定即可为的法治社会。其次，围绕着中央事务和地方性事务，可以行政审批权具体划分中央和地方行政审批权限。最后规范行政审批权力的管理，提高行政效率。
[Abstract]:Administrative examination and approval is an administrative act that is permitted or not allowed to engage in a particular activity according to the application of the administrative relative. The essence of the administrative examination and approval system is a government's allocation of resources and a means of direct interference in private rights by public power. By examining and approving, the administrative organs examine the scope of operation of the administrative counterpart and operate. But, with the deepening of the reform of the socialist market economic system, the traditional administrative examination and approval system has no longer adapted to the needs of the economic development of our country. Restricting market access, to a certain extent, created administrative monopoly, hindered market competition and destroyed the order of free market.
The reason that the administrative authority abuses the administrative examination and approval power to implement the administrative monopoly is attributed to the government standard, the rent-seeking power, the decentralization reform, the economic transition and the imperfect legal system. The antitrust law is praised as "the big Charter of free economy", and is the basic legal norm of the socialist market economy in.2008. The purpose of its legislation is to prevent and stop monopolistic behavior, protect the free competition of the market and improve the efficiency of economic operation. The reform of the administrative examination and approval system in China needs the aid of antitrust law. In addition, the fifth chapter of anti monopoly law clearly stipulates the form of abusing administrative power to restrict the competition, including 1. not limited or disguised. .2. must not interfere with the free circulation of goods between regions.3. must not exclude or restrict local operators from participating in local tendering and bidding activities.4. may not exclude or restrict the entry of local operators to local.5., which may not restrict operators to engage in monopolistic behavior..6. shall not abuse the administrative power to restrict competition in the abstract administrative act.
In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Party pointed out that the goal of China's comprehensive deepening of the reform at the present stage is to improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, closely around the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, the core is to deal with the relationship between the government and the market, so that the role of the market in the allocation of resources has been adjusted from the original "basic" to "the basic". The role of decisive "reactivates the vitality of the market."
The reform path of the future administrative examination and approval system should be based on the antitrust law to prevent the abuse of administrative examination and approval power to implement administrative monopoly. The following is as follows: first, the anti monopoly value of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system can be promoted from two aspects: respecting the law of the market, promoting effective competition and strengthening government service and improving the economic efficiency. In principle, it is necessary to clearly point out the principle of government intervention in the market, which should be limited to the government's service to the market, the market first, the government second and the second, which can be strengthened from the two aspects of the internal control of administrative power and the external control of administrative power, in which the administrative monopoly can be implemented by the administration of administrative examination and approval. The government organs should regulate the typed work of the administrative monopoly and give full play to the superior organs and the supervision and law enforcement functions of the supervisory organs. Third, we can continue to promote the supporting reform of the administrative examination and approval system, and establish a list of powers according to the State Council's opinions on promoting the fair competition of the market to maintain the normal rank of the market, and the administrative organs In the form of a list, the power and responsibility of each administrative post is clearly listed, and the boundary of administrative power is delimited. In addition to the list, the administrative organs do not have the right to interfere with the administrative counterpart, so as to truly achieve the rule of law society without the explicit provisions of the law. Secondly, the right of administrative examination and approval can be made around the central affairs and local affairs. Finally, we should standardize the administration of administrative examination and approval power and improve administrative efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294;D630

【参考文献】