我国个人破产制度构建的若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 02:28

本文选题：个人破产 + 国外立法　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在世界经济迅猛发展的今天,国内外参与市场活动的主体愈加多元化,越来越多的私营企业、外资企业、个体工商户乃至普通消费者都纷纷涌入市场,在激发市场活力的同时也承担着市场所带来的风险。在市场经济下,有进就有退、适者生存、优胜劣汰。获得多大的利益,就得承担多大的风险。正因如此,各国立法在保障市场主体公平参与竞争的同时,也为他们的退出制定了相应的机制。在退出机制上,大到企业集团、小到公民个人,大多数国家都制定了相应的破产法,以赋予一切市场主体平等的退出权。反观我国立法现状,只有针对企业法人这一类市场主体的破产法,而对于其他非法人组织乃至个人都没有相应的破产规定。当这部分市场主体因经营风险或其他原因为市场所不容时,就无法像企业那样通过破产程序退出市场。本文试图从我国破产立法不完备的现实出发,借鉴国外立法经验,从而引出个人破产制度,在该制度构建的必要性分析的基础上,具体构建我国个人破产的相关制度。文章分为四大部分的内容来介绍我国的个人破产制度。第一部分,即文章的引言部分。在引言中对比分析国内外实际情况,点明我国个人破产制度的立法缺失,由此得出在我国应建立个人破产制度的观点。第二部分,即正文的第1章。文章开头先介绍个人破产制度的基本含义,使读者能够对该制度有个初步的了解。之后通过对构建个人破产制度进行必要性分析,得出我国构建个人破产制度的迫切性。第三部分,即正文的第2、3、4章。在具体构建我国个人破产制度的过程中,首先,通过对国外有关个人破产主体立法现状的分析,结合我国的实际情况,对我国个人破产制度的主体加以规定。其次,阐明个人破产原因的基本含义,之后在分析介绍别国个人破产原因的基础上,为我国个人破产原因的规定奠定基础。最后,引入破产财产及自由财产的概念,在对两种财产范围及意义进行分析的基础上,制定出了符合我国现实的财产制度。第四部分,即正文的第5章。我国在个人破产制度构建的过程中,还面临着许多阻碍,这就需要相应的的配套制度来保障该制度在我国的顺利建立及运行,通过对我国现有制度的完善及对国外宝贵经验的借鉴,证明了在我国建立个人破产制度虽需花费一定的时间,但却是可行的。第五部分,即文章的结语。笔者在文章的结语部分首先提及了构建我国个人破产制度的意义,其次表明了个人破产制度本身的复杂性和丰富性使得笔者不可能仅通过一篇简短的文章就全部穷尽,以恣呼吁更多的学者对该制度进行深入的研究。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, more and more private enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households and even ordinary consumers are flocking to the market. At the same time to stimulate market vitality, but also bear the risks brought by the market. In the market economy, there is progress and retreat, survival of the fittest, survival of the fittest. You have to take as much risk as you gain. For this reason, the legislation of various countries not only guarantees the fair participation of market subjects in competition, but also establishes a corresponding mechanism for their withdrawal. In the exit mechanism, from the enterprise group to the individual citizen, most countries have formulated the corresponding bankruptcy law to give all the market subjects equal right to withdraw. On the other hand, the current situation of legislation in our country shows that the bankruptcy law is only aimed at the enterprise legal person, but there is no corresponding bankruptcy regulation for other non-legal person organizations or even individuals. When the main part of the market is not allowed by the market because of the operating risk or other reasons, it is impossible to withdraw from the market through bankruptcy process like the enterprise. This paper tries to draw the personal bankruptcy system from the reality of incomplete bankruptcy legislation of our country and draw lessons from the foreign legislative experience. On the basis of the analysis of the necessity of the construction of the system, this paper concretely constructs the relevant system of personal bankruptcy in our country. The article is divided into four parts to introduce the personal bankruptcy system in China. The first part is the introduction of the article. In the introduction, the author contrasts and analyzes the actual situation at home and abroad, points out the lack of legislation of personal bankruptcy system in our country, and draws the conclusion that the individual bankruptcy system should be established in our country. The second part is chapter 1 of the text. The article begins with an introduction of the basic meaning of the personal bankruptcy system, which enables readers to have a preliminary understanding of the system. Then, by analyzing the necessity of constructing individual bankruptcy system, the urgency of constructing individual bankruptcy system in China is obtained. The third part is the second chapter of the text. In the process of constructing the individual bankruptcy system of our country, first of all, through the analysis of the legislation status quo of the individual bankruptcy subject in foreign countries, combined with the actual situation of our country, the main body of the personal bankruptcy system of our country is stipulated. Secondly, it clarifies the basic meaning of the reasons of personal bankruptcy, and then, on the basis of analyzing and introducing the reasons of personal bankruptcy in other countries, lays the foundation for the regulation of the causes of personal bankruptcy in our country. Finally, the concepts of bankruptcy property and free property are introduced. Based on the analysis of the scope and significance of the two kinds of property, the property system in line with the reality of our country is established. The fourth part is chapter 5 of the text. In the process of constructing the individual bankruptcy system, our country still faces many obstacles, which requires corresponding supporting system to ensure the smooth establishment and operation of the system in our country. Through the perfection of the existing system in our country and the reference to the valuable experience of foreign countries, it is proved that it takes a certain time to establish the personal bankruptcy system in China, but it is feasible. The fifth part is the conclusion of the article. In the conclusion part of the article, the author first mentions the significance of constructing the personal bankruptcy system in China, and then shows that the complexity and richness of the personal bankruptcy system makes it impossible for the author to exhaust it all through a short article. In order to appeal to more scholars to the system of in-depth research.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.291.92

【共引文献】