我国外资法立法目的研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 16:08

本文选题：外资法 + 立法目的　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：立法目的是一部法律的内在灵魂,同时作为法律制定的起点,决定一部法律存在的必要性;影响其在法律体系中的定位,决定其有效性;统领其内部的制度构建,决定其合理性。外资法立法目的也不例外,其产生必然是对基本国情、主要矛盾的回应,对各种价值的权衡,体现出对法律应然状态的追求。立法目的作为一部法律构建的起点,应当给予其重点关注。引进资金与先进技术的外资法目的,贯穿于我国利用外资的整个过程,但是各个时期的侧重点不同。虽然利用外资后我国经济取得了显著的发展,却并没有实际解决我国高新技术落后的状况,市场并不能真正的换来先进的技术。外资法立法目的强调鼓励与促进外资、对外资权益的保护,导致了对内资的不公;缺少对政府作为义务的规定,导致政府重外资引进,而轻外资监管。更由于区域经济发展不平衡,致使地方政府在利用外资时恶性竞争,造成的资源浪费,环境污染等损害国家长远利益的局面;在外资并购内资企业中,我国存在过度依赖外资现状以及外资万能论的错误观点。并且在某些行业中,外资的进入会造成就业机会实质上的减少;政府的短视行为,更是使我国区域发展不平衡更加严重,同样的也缺乏对民族品牌,高新技术、中小企业等的特殊保护,导致我国的企业的竞争力不强,社会主义是市场经济发展畸形。究其原因主要有,传统吸引外资理论的内在缺陷,外商投资动因在于政策鼓励的错误认识;外资利用的规模取决于我国市场能够带来的利益,而鼓励政策与外资规模并不是完全的正相关,市场是外资驱动的根本认识不清;全国民众对经济发展的狂热崇拜,只管眼前利益,而不顾长远发展,使得政府要么消极的不作为或者要么乱作为,更有就是传统政府服务职能的缺位以及重权力而轻义务积弊。传统的被动审批模式,缺乏对事中、事后积极监管,少干事少担责的意识,更是无法保证政府的作为义务;对利用外资应当为我所用的认识不足,更是加重了相关危害。结合我国利用外资的现实情况以及对外资的指引功能,外资法立法目的应当重构为:为了扩大对外开放,政府积极作为,以维护国家安全与国民利益,促进社会主义市场经济发展,规制外国投资,而制定本法。首先,应当转变传统利用外资的思想,实现由鼓励外资向规制外资转变,外资作为市场的重要组成部分,接受规制是市场规制理论的必然要求,规制的手段体现的是价值中立,不刻意的区分与强调外资或是内资,而且内涵更加的严谨周密,包含着限制、约束、干预、保护、激励等手段。这也是三十多年来利用外资的经验与发达国家利用外资的成功实践的总结,吸引外资的最根本原因不在于鼓励政策,而是在于市场本身;而政府作为市场的参与者与监督管理者,为保障外资目的最终实现,对政府提出了积极作为的新要求,这既是外资深入我国国民各行业现状、国家安全面临的潜在威胁的实际需要,也是人民主权原则、契约论对政府的法理要求,并且规制外资同样符合发达国家利用外资的一般规律;国家安全作为前置条件,是我国当下以及未来面对外资的潜在威胁的回应,也是国际惯例,而且符合立法目的的指引性,在立法技术上是成文法传统下的最佳选择。利用外资的最终目的应当是社会主义市场经济的健康发展,这就要求保障内资与外资的公平竞争而非平等的参与市场活动,同时重视我国的区域发展不平衡的现状,以及对我国民族品牌、传统工艺、高新技术产业、核心产业以及中小企业加以特殊的保护,这些都是利用外资的应有之意。
[Abstract]:The purpose of legislation is the inner soul of a law, and at the same time, as the starting point of the law making, it determines the necessity of the existence of a law, affects its positioning in the legal system, determines its effectiveness, leads its internal system construction and determines its rationality. The legislative purpose of foreign law is no exception, and its production must be the basic national situation and the main spear. The response of the shield, the balance of various values, reflects the pursuit of the state of the law. As a starting point for the construction of a law, the purpose of the legislative purpose should be paid attention to. The purpose of introducing capital and advanced technology to foreign capital is through the whole process of utilizing foreign capital in our country, but the focus is different in each period. China's economy has made remarkable progress, but it has not actually solved the situation of our country's hi-tech backwardness, and the market can not truly exchange advanced technology. The legislative purpose of foreign capital law emphasizes encouraging and promoting foreign capital, protecting the rights and interests of foreign capital, causing injustice to domestic capital, and lacking the provisions of the government as a duty. Because of the unbalance of the regional economic development, the local government's vicious competition in the use of foreign capital, the waste of resources, the environmental pollution and so on, which have damaged the long-term interests of the country, and the wrong viewpoint of excessive dependence on foreign capital and the omnipotence of foreign capital in the merger and acquisition of foreign capital in China. In some industries, the entry of foreign capital will lead to a substantial reduction in employment opportunities; the short view of the government makes the imbalance of our regional development more serious, and the same lack of special protection for national brand, high technology and small and medium enterprises, which leads to the poor competitiveness of our enterprises and the deformity of the development of the market economy. The main reasons are: the inherent defects of the traditional theory of attracting foreign capital, the motivation of foreign investment lies in the wrong understanding of the policy encouragement; the scale of the utilization of foreign capital depends on the benefits that our market can bring, and the incentive policy is not completely positive related to the scale of foreign investment. The fanatical worship of economic development, only in view of the immediate interests, regardless of the long-term development, makes the government either negative or either negative or disorderly, more is the absence of the traditional government service function and the heavy power and light duty. It is impossible to guarantee the obligation of the government; the understanding of the use of foreign capital should be insufficient and the related harm is aggravated. The legislative purpose of the foreign capital law should be restructured as follows: in combination with the reality of the use of foreign capital and the guiding function of foreign investment, the purpose of the legislation of foreign investment law should be as follows: in order to expand the opening to the outside world, the government actively acts as a safeguard to national security and national interest. To promote the development of the socialist market economy and to regulate foreign investment, the law should be formulated. First, it is necessary to change the thought of using the traditional foreign capital to realize the transformation from encouraging foreign investment to the regulation of foreign capital and the important part of the foreign capital as a market. The acceptance of regulation is the inevitable requirement of the market regulation theory, and the means of regulation are neutral and neutral. It is also a summary of the successful practice of using foreign capital for more than thirty years and the successful practice of utilizing foreign capital in developed countries. The most fundamental reason for attracting foreign investment is not to encourage the policy, but in the market, but in the market. The government, as a participant and supervisor of the market, has put forward a new request to the government to ensure the final realization of the purpose of foreign investment, which is not only the actual needs of the current situation of the foreign investment in our national industry, the potential threat to the national security, the principle of human democracy, the legal requirements of the contract theory to the government, and the legal requirements of the government. The regulation of foreign capital is also consistent with the general law of the use of foreign capital in developed countries. As a precondition, national security is the response to the potential threat to foreign investment in the present and future, is also an international practice, and is in line with the guiding principle of legislative purpose. In the legislative technology, the best choice under the traditional cultural law is the ultimate goal of utilizing foreign capital. It should be the healthy development of the socialist market economy, which requires the protection of the fair competition between domestic and foreign investment, not the equal participation in the market activities, and the current situation of the unbalanced regional development in our country, as well as the special protection of our national brand, traditional technology, high and new technology industry, the core industry and the small and medium enterprises. Some of them are the proper way to make use of foreign capital.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.295

【参考文献】