论预付式消费合同的立法完善

发布时间：2018-05-09 09:46

本文选题：预付式消费合同 + 有名合同　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：预付式的消费方式作为一种崭新的消费理念和方式,正在被越来越多的人所接受。什么是预付式消费?简单的说其实就是一种顾客可以提前消费的模式。首先,对于顾客来说,需要预先向商家支付一笔费用,然后就可以执行之前和商家确定的协议来分批体验或者使用商家的服务和商品。预付式消费存在于哪些领域?近几年来,这种新兴的消费模式逐渐被人们所接受,横跨了多个领域,覆盖了个人生活、工作交易、娱乐休闲等许多方面。为什么出现这种情况呢?因为它一来方便了顾客,使得顾客不用支付现金就可以完成交易,解决了日常出门拿着现金的麻烦,同时提前办卡还可以获得商家额外提供的优惠;二来有利于商家快速回流资金,一方面固定了客源,另一方面可以把顾客预支付的费用用来再投资,提高服务质量来吸引更多的顾客。不管是对于顾客,还是对于商家来说,预付式消费都是一种广受好评的消费模式,达到了双赢的局面。但与此同时引发的争议也在随之增加。笔者搜集了许多资料,横跨了一定的时间和多个地域,甚至包括来自消协的反馈信息。发现各地在预付式消费交易中的损害顾客合法权益的事件越来越多,呈现出不同程度的增长趋势。缺乏诚信意识、夸大宣传、欺骗消费者、强制消费的商家是广泛存在的。而且,对于中国的法律条文来说,有关预付式消费方面的法律机制十分薄弱,甚至在某些方面是完全空白的。这种不和谐的情况导致部分经营者有漏洞可钻,投机取巧地损害了部分顾客的利益,形成了一股社会不良风气。同时对于顾客来说,没有有效的手段来维护自己的合法权利并且又大多缺少相关的法律意识,这进一步助长了这股不良风气,形成了一定程度和范围上的恶性循环。所以,有关预付式消费的法律基础和监督机制是有必要深入探讨和研究,较少乃至杜绝损害双方合法权利的事情发生,这样才能形成稳定的市场秩序。文章从四个方面入手,总结了多种相关资料,在法律角度上着重研究了预付式消费合同。第一部分:预付式消费合同的基本理论。第一,研究资料,明确其包括的各方面概念。第二,要从资料入手来研究合同中的条款、特征和属性等。第三,进一步研究其条款中规定的权利和义务关系。第二部分:介绍现阶段中国预付式消费合同法律情况和面对的法律难题。首先,从资料入手来综合现阶段有关该合同的各种法律法规;第二,阐述了合同从订立、履行、解除、再到纠纷救济中出现的主要问题,如霸王条款、欺诈、违约等问题。第三部分:他国预付式消费合同的法律总结和启发。参考其他国家相关合同的法律法规和运营模式,期望能帮助完善有关我国的法律法规,研究对象包括在美国发行的商业预付卡、在日本发行的预付证票和在台湾地区发行的礼品券。第四部分:健全中国预付式消费合同的法律法规。总结以上的研究成果,提出了五点意见:第一,明确预付式消费需合同的地位和重要性,对其做到有名化;第二,确定合适的合同签订规范,标准化合同文本来保护和规范双方合法的权益和义务;第三,设立合同履约中经营者责任担保制度,具体应该实行抵押制度和资金担保制度,做好前期的预防机制,防止商家在后期携款潜逃;第四,完善合同解除制度,赋予消费者撤回权,同时在立法中完善哪些情况下消费者可以具有法定解除权;第五,创新预付式消费合同纠纷的救济机制,完善事后救济措施可以及时弥补当事人所受损失,例如可以开辟集体诉讼的维权途径,还有制度定更严格的惩罚措施。
[Abstract]:As a new consumption concept and mode, prepaid consumption is being accepted by more and more people. What is prepaid consumption? In fact, it is a model that customers can consume in advance. First, it is necessary for the customer to pay a fee to the merchant in advance, and then it can be implemented before and when the merchant is sure. Defined agreements to experience or use business services and goods in batches. What are the areas where prepaid consumption exists? In recent years, this new consumption pattern has gradually been accepted by people, spanning a number of fields, covering a number of aspects of personal life, work transactions, entertainment and leisure. Why is this the case because of it It is convenient for customers to complete the transaction without paying cash and solve the trouble of getting cash on the day out. At the same time, the advance card can also get the extra discount provided by the merchant; second, it is beneficial to the quick return of funds, on the one hand, the customer is fixed, and on the other hand, the cost of pre payment can be reinvested. Improving the quality of service to attract more customers. Both for customers and for businesses, prepaid consumption is a widely praised mode of consumption, reaching a win-win situation. But at the same time, the controversy is increasing. I have collected a lot of information, spanning a certain time and many regions, even including There are more and more incidents that damage the legitimate rights and interests of customers in prepaid consumption transactions. There is a growing trend in different degrees. The legal mechanism of consumption is very weak and even completely blank in some ways. This disharmony leads to the loopholes of some operators, the opportunistic damage to the interests of some customers and the formation of a social bad atmosphere. At the same time, there is no effective means to maintain their legitimate rights for the customers. And most of the lack of relevant legal awareness, which further contributes to this bad atmosphere, and has formed a certain degree and a vicious circle in a certain extent. Therefore, the legal basis and supervision mechanism of prepaid consumption is necessary to further study and study, less or even eliminate the legitimate rights of the two sides. To become a stable market order. From four aspects, the article summed up a variety of related materials and studied the prepaid consumption contract in the legal point of view. The first part: the basic theory of prepaid consumption contract. First, research materials and clear the concepts of all aspects of the contract. Second, we should study the terms and features of the contract from the data. And property and so on. Third, further study the relationship between the rights and obligations stipulated in its provisions. The second part: introducing the legal situation of the present Chinese prepaid consumption contract and the legal problems facing the present stage. First, starting from the data to synthesize the various laws and regulations on the contract at the present stage; and second, to elaborate the contract from the conclusion, performance, dissolution, and then to the conclusion. The main problems arising in the relief of disputes, such as the tyrant clause, fraud and breach of contract. The third part: the legal summary and Enlightenment of the prepaid consumption contract in other countries, and the reference to the laws and regulations and operation modes of other countries related contracts, hoping to help improve the laws and regulations concerning our country, and the research object includes the commercial prepayment issued in the United States. Card, prepaid ticket issued in Japan and gift coupons issued in Taiwan area. Fourth part: perfecting the laws and regulations of China's prepaid consumption contract. Summing up the above research results, we put forward five suggestions: first, make clear the status and importance of the prepaid consumption contract, and be famous for it; second, determine the appropriate contract signing. Standard, standardized contract text to protect and standardize the legitimate rights and obligations of both sides; third, the establishment of the contract performance of the operator liability guarantee system, the concrete should implement the mortgage system and fund guarantee system, do a good job of prevention mechanism in the early stage, prevent the merchant from escaping in the later period, and fourth, perfect the contract rescission system and give the consumer withdrawing. At the same time, in the case of legislation, consumers can have the legal right to rescind. Fifth, the remedy mechanism of innovation prepaid consumption contract disputes and the improvement of post relief measures can make up for the loss of the parties in time, such as the right path to open up the collective litigation, and the system to set more strict punishment measures.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.8;D923.6

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