我国不良金融资产打包转让诉讼实务中存在的问题及其完善

发布时间：2018-05-11 00:43

本文选题：金融资产管理公司 + 不良资产　；参考：《西北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪九十年代以来,特别是亚洲金融危机后,银行不良资产处置不力带来的潜在危害及其外溢效应,如幽灵魅影般徘徊于各个国家的各个历史阶段。于是各国政府普遍对金融机构不良资产问题给予了极大关注。1993年之前,我国银行从未提取过呆坏账准备金,造成不良贷款不断累积,为了稳定社会秩序和金融秩序,进一步加大国有商业银行股份制改革力度,我国政府果断决策成立金融资产管理公司,将呆坏账实现了向资产管理公司的剥离。资产管理公司对接收的不良资产通常会采取追偿性经营、将原企业以整体资产进行重组、将比较小的非经营型资产剥离而改组设立新的法人实体、共同重组等模式来进行资产的处置[2],但是这些模式都无法在短期内实现债权,此时资产管理公司为了提高资产变现效率,会采取对这些不良资产进行整合打包转让模式以迅速实现债权。由此,围绕在打包转让过程中及受让人获得债权后如何实现受让的债权等问题产生了一系列的法律问题和社会问题。而我国现有的关于不良资产处置法律制度体系和运作机制存在较大的缺陷,相关法学特别是经济法学理论研究的不足,都显示出以金融规制为视角,以系统解决银行不良资产问题、防范银行危机和维护金融稳定为目的的相关法律规制欠缺从而无法切实有效地解决司法实践中遇到的一系列棘手问题。2009年3月最高人民法院颁布实施的《关于审理涉及金融不良债权转让案件座谈会纪要》(以下简称《海南纪要》)虽对人民法院在办理涉不良金融资产转让案件中的一些突出问题作出了原则性、程序性的规定,在相当大的程度上对防止国有资产流失、保护企业和社会稳定、平衡各方利益起到了一些作用,但《海南纪要》规定的原则性较强,不足以涵盖司法实践中各类债权转让案件中大量出现的法律适用复杂情形,各级人民法院在办理该类案件时又尚缺乏统一认识和处理原则,致使该类案件在处理时适用法律不一,造成社会效果和法律效果不能较好地实现统一。故而本文笔者从该制度的基本构成要素入手,分五个部分进行论述。第一章引言。笔者从本文的选题原因及意义入手,分析了关于金融不良资产在经济学和法学研究方法上的不同之处,为下面结合金融经济学的相关专业问题从而完善相关的指导性规范奠定基础；第二章不良金融资产及资产管理公司。笔者从不良金融资产及资产管理公司的法律概念出发,分析资产管理公司设立的国际、国内背景,为进一步研究资产打包转让及构建完善的资产处置模式奠定基础；第三章中外不良金融资产处置制度的对比分析。通过对中外不良资产处置制度比较及对目前我国通行的不良资产处置模式分析,引发笔者对不良资产打包转让模式及该制度的存在价值及社会效果的深入考量。第四章人民法院不良资产打包转让案件常见法律问题分析。笔者通过对在中国现有的不良资产打包处置模式下司法实践中常见的法律问题进行剖析,提出了完善相关法律制度的意见、建议,为进一步理清了办案思路提供可行性建议。第五章立法建议及制度设计。通过以上对不良金融资产概念、成因及国际、国内通行处置模式比较及司法实践中常见问题分析,笔者就有关不良资产处置的相关立法及制度设计提出意见和建议,以期达到指导司法实践的目的。
[Abstract]:Since the 90s of last century, especially after the Asian financial crisis, the potential harm and spillover effect caused by the poor disposal of non-performing assets of the bank, such as the phantom of the ghost, wandered in various historical stages of the country. So the government of various countries has paid great attention to the problem of non-performing assets of financial institutions.1993 years ago. In order to stabilize the social order and order and further increase the reform of the shareholding system of state-owned commercial banks, our government decided to set up a financial Asset Management Co in order to stabilize the social order and the financial order. The good assets usually take the recourse operation, restructure the original enterprise with the whole assets, reorganize the smaller non operating assets and reorganize the new legal entity and reorganize the assets to carry out the disposal of the assets, but these models are all unable to realize the debt in the short term. At this time, the Asset Management Co is to improve the assets change. At present, we will adopt the integrated packaging and transfer mode of these non - performing assets in order to realize the creditor's rights quickly. Thus, a series of legal and social problems have been generated around the problem of how to achieve the obligatory right after the transferee gets the creditor's right in the process of packing and transfer, and the existing legal system on the disposal of bad assets in China There are great defects in the system and operation mechanism, and the insufficiency of the related jurisprudence, especially the economic law theory, shows that the lack of relevant legal rules and regulations aimed at solving the problem of banks' bad assets, preventing the bank crisis and maintaining financial stability by the perspective of financial regulation, can not effectively solve the problem of judicial practice. A series of difficult issues to be issued by the Supreme People's Court of.2009 in March, the summary of the summary of the Symposium on cases involving the transfer of non performing loans (hereinafter referred to as the Hainan summary) has made a principled and Procedural Regulation for the people's court in dealing with the transfer of bad financial assets. To prevent the loss of state-owned assets, protect the enterprise and social stability and balance the interests of all parties, the Hainan era summary has a strong principle, which is not enough to cover the complex situation of law applicable to all kinds of creditor's rights transfer cases in judicial practice, and the people's courts at all levels are still short of the cases. The principle of lack of unified understanding and treatment leads to the application of different laws in this kind of case, which causes the social effect and the legal effect not to be unified well. Therefore, the author starts with the basic elements of the system and divides into five parts. The first chapter is the introduction. The author starts with the reasons and significance of this article, and analyzes the reasons and significance of this article. On the differences in the methods of economic and legal research on financial non-performing assets, it lays the foundation for the improvement of relevant guiding norms by combining the related professional issues of financial economics and the second chapter of bad financial assets and Asset Management Co. The author starts with the legal concepts of the bad financial assets and Asset Management Co, Analysis of the international and domestic background established by the Asset Management Co to lay the foundation for further research on asset packaging transfer and the construction of a perfect asset disposal mode; the third chapter and the comparative analysis of the disposal system of non-performing financial assets in China and foreign countries. In the fourth chapter, the author makes an analysis of the common legal problems in the cases of packaging and transfer of bad assets in the people's court. Analysis, put forward the suggestions to improve the relevant legal system, suggestions, to further clarify the idea of the case to provide feasible suggestions. The fifth chapter legislative proposals and system design. Through the above concept of bad financial assets, the causes and international, domestic disposal mode comparison and judicial practice of common problems in the judicial practice, the author of the Non-performing Assets Department Put forward suggestions and suggestions on relevant legislation and system design in order to achieve the purpose of guiding judicial practice.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28

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