中国自由贸易试验区法治建构论

发布时间：2018-05-12 02:07

本文选题：中国自贸试验区 + 法治建构　；参考：《国际贸易问题》2017年01期

【摘要】：法治建构是中国自贸试验区改革创新的决定性因素。当下中国自贸试验区法治建构模式本质上属于"自主推动型法治建构模式"。"市人大常委会授权立法→市政府‘1+X’规则群→市人大常委会条例三步走"的法治创新路径成为可复制和可推广的法治创新经验的"上海模式"的最重要内容,同时成为3年以来上海自贸试验区改革创新探索的最大亮点。中国自贸试验区法治创新路径及法治建构的"应然模式"是"国家层面统一立法的基本法模式",而"实然模式"是"国家授权、部委规章、地方立法三层次联动推进模式"。"实然模式"的最大成效是主要解决了"凡属重大改革都要于法有据"这一政治课题,但该模式存在三方面缺陷(无法适应深层次改革创新任务、不具有可持续性、价值取向模糊),在实践中遭遇了"四化难题"(行政化、地方化、碎片化、空洞化),对制度创新的促进作用不够显著,无法实现可持续发展。因此,亟需探寻一条介于"应然模式"与"实然模式"之间的中间路径,并努力构建一种对中国自贸试验区改革创新具有实质性法治保障意义的"过渡性模式"。建议采用"特别授权法模式",即由全国人大常委会制定"中华人民共和国自由贸易园(港)区特别授权法"。
[Abstract]:The construction of rule of law is the decisive factor in the reform and innovation of China's free trade experimental area. At present, the construction mode of rule of law in China's free trade experimental area is essentially a "self-propelled construction mode of rule of law". The standing Committee of the Municipal people's Congress has authorized the government to legislate on the three-step rule of law innovation of the Municipal people's Congress standing Committee regulations. The "Shanghai Model", which can be replicated and popularized, has become the most important part of the "Shanghai Model" for replicating and popularizing the experience of innovation in the rule of law. At the same time, it has become the biggest bright spot of the reform and innovation exploration in Shanghai Free Trade Test Zone in the past 3 years. The innovation path of the rule of law and the construction of the rule of law in China's free trade experimental area are "the basic law model of unified legislation at the national level", while the "realistic mode" is the "three levels of coordinated promotion mode of state authorization, ministerial regulations and local legislation". The biggest effect of the real model is that it has mainly solved the political issue of "all major reforms must be based on law and evidence", but the model has three defects (unable to adapt to the deep reform and innovation task, and not sustainable). The value orientation is vague, encountered in practice "the four modernizations difficult problem" (administration, localization, fragmentation, hollowness), the promotion function to the system innovation is not obvious enough, unable to realize the sustainable development. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a middle path between "supposed mode" and "real mode", and try to construct a "transitional mode" which is of substantial significance for the reform and innovation of China's free trade experimental area. It is suggested that the "special authorization law model" be adopted, that is, the "special authorization law of the people's Republic of China for free trade park (Hong Kong)" should be formulated by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress.
【作者单位】：浙江工业大学法学院、浙江省法学会自由贸易园(港)区法治研究中心;
【基金】：2014年度国家社科基金重点项目“中美经贸关系中的国有企业问题研究”(14AGJ012) 2014年教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“上海自贸区金融消费纠纷多元解决机制的构建”(14YJC820035) 2015年教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“自由贸易园(港)区国际航运法律制度研究及对浙江的借鉴”(15YJC820066) 2016年度浙江省法学会重点项目“浙江舟山自贸试验区改革创新与法治保障研究”(2016NA14);2016年度浙江省法学会重点项目“自贸区行政监管与法律完善”(2016NA20)
【分类号】：D922.295;F752.8

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