我国小额贷款法律审慎监管制度探讨

发布时间：2018-05-15 12:01

本文选题：小额贷款 + 审慎监管　；参考：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前全国小额贷款公司近九千家左右,有力地解决了民间融资难的问题,获得了社会的认同,有了较为宽松的制度环境,但明显缺乏相应的市场准入机制及规范的运作程序。小贷公司运作中监管定位不清、尺度宽严不一、监管手段单一、监管部门自由裁量权随意性等系列问题严重影响和妨碍了小贷行业的发展。据此,本文从公法强化与私法激励这两种视角,探索了小贷行业的审慎监管问题。全文共分为五章。第一章阐述了小贷公司概况及法律特征。第二章分析监管现状与现行制度不足,站在公法与私法的两种视角,重新审视目前法律监管所面临的缺陷:一是监管过度和泛滥,二是监管不足和过偏。前者主要表现为:较高的贷款利率及准入门槛阻碍市场竞争、融资市场资金供求相互割裂、对抵(质)押财产限制过多、税负承受力差。后者主要表现为:较低法律位阶使行政监管困难、各地政府金融办专业能力缺乏导致风险频发、行业内部风险控制意识不足、违法成本低对逆向选择产生强大激励。以上问题反映出国家在履行经济职能时应采取有限理性,防止小额贷款公司“目标偏移”,从而引导普惠金融的健康发展。第三章结合上述实践中面临或引发的相关问题,提出实施小额贷款公司审慎监管的主要理论基础,即外部成本论和存在价值论。其中,外部成本论又分为俘获论、寻租论。这些理论揭示了缺乏任何一种都无法完整地描绘出审慎监管的蓝图。第四章从国际金融危机后的相关法律和小额贷款公司发展的经验教训上,通过比较域外监管相关实践,为构建我国的审慎监管体系提供法律上的借鉴。第五章为总结章,提出构建我国小贷公司审慎监管的体系的构思与建议。以及监管主体应尽的职责、目标。从公私两方面讨论了我国小贷公司法律审慎监管制度的完善。一方面,公法手段是硬性的,存在着必要与谨慎。针对监管不足和过偏,应当在公法导向下对审慎监管加以强化;另一方面,私法手段是柔性的,但也要注意方式。针对监管过度与泛滥,应当在私法导向下强调法律激励的运用。法律干预应将公法手段与私法手段妥善配置、中性运用、谨慎监管。
[Abstract]:At present, there are nearly 9,000 micro-loan companies in China, which have solved the problem of the difficulty of private financing, have been recognized by the society, and have a relatively loose institutional environment, but they obviously lack the corresponding market access mechanism and standardized operating procedures. In the operation of small loan companies, a series of problems, such as unclear regulatory position, wide and strict standards, single regulatory means and arbitrary discretion of regulatory authorities, have seriously affected and hindered the development of the small loan industry. Based on this, this paper explores the prudential supervision of small loan industry from the perspectives of strengthening public law and encouraging private law. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter describes the general situation and legal characteristics of small loan companies. The second chapter analyzes the current situation of supervision and the insufficiency of the current system. From the two perspectives of public and private law, it re-examines the defects of current legal supervision: one is overregulation and overflowing, the other is insufficient and excessive supervision. The former mainly shows that higher loan interest rate and entry threshold hinder market competition, fund supply and demand in financing market are separated from each other, too many restrictions on collateral property and poor tax bearing capacity. The latter mainly shows that the lower legal rank makes administrative supervision difficult, the lack of professional ability of local governments and financial offices leads to frequent risk occurrence, the lack of awareness of risk control within the industry, and the low cost of illegal law create strong incentives for adverse selection. The above problems reflect that the state should take limited rationality in performing its economic function to prevent the "target deviation" of microfinance companies, and thus guide the healthy development of inclusive finance. The third chapter puts forward the main theoretical basis of implementing the prudential supervision of microfinance companies, namely, the external cost theory and the existential value theory, in combination with the problems faced or caused by the above mentioned practices. Among them, external cost theory is divided into capture theory and rent-seeking theory. These theories reveal that no one can provide a complete blueprint for prudential regulation. The fourth chapter from the relevant laws after the international financial crisis and the experience and lessons of the development of microfinance companies, through the comparison of extraterritorial regulatory practices, for the construction of China's prudential regulatory system to provide legal reference. The fifth chapter is the summary chapter, puts forward the conception and suggestion of constructing the system of the small loan company's prudential supervision in our country. And the duties and objectives of the supervisory body. This paper discusses the perfection of legal prudential supervision system of small loan companies in China from both public and private aspects. On the one hand, the means of public law are rigid and necessary and prudent. In view of inadequate and excessive supervision, prudent supervision should be strengthened under the guidance of public law; on the other hand, the means of private law are flexible, but they should also be paid attention to. In the light of excessive and overflowing supervision, the application of legal incentives should be emphasized under the guidance of private law. Legal intervention should properly allocate public law and private law means, neutral application and careful supervision.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.282

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