我国食品安全责任强制保险的法律构造研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 19:58

本文选题：食品安全责任强制保险 + 食品安全治理　；参考：《中国法学》2015年03期

【摘要】：食品安全责任保险有助于保障大规模侵权中的受害人权益、激励经营者强化主体责任意识及能力、构建合理的风险分担机制。强制立法不仅有助于做实上述效应,且与当下通过政府综合治理增进食品行业信用的实际需要相契合。立法形式应从部门规章向行政法规、法律过渡,采取"政府主导与商业基础相结合"的运营模式;通过试点确立强制保险中食品、食品企业及行业的基准范围,限定保险人资质并加强激励,赋予受害人直接请求权;通过合同的订立与解除创造投保人的选择权与保险人的竞争市场,由监管机构制定基准保费并以此指导保险人确定具体保费,强化保险费的奖惩功能,完善保费确定与调整中的第三方评估与听证机制;责任范围应限于人身损害并应设定责任限额,超出责任范围和责任限额的损害应通过风险救助基金、"基本险加附加险"等模式拓展赔偿能力;投保人应具有如实告知、配合检查与事前防范等义务,因受害人故意引发的人身损害属于保险人的免责理由;最后还应完善行政与司法治理等配套制度建设。
[Abstract]:The food safety liability insurance is helpful to protect the rights and interests of the victims in the large-scale infringement, to encourage the operators to strengthen the consciousness and ability of the main body responsibility, and to construct a reasonable risk-sharing mechanism. The compulsory legislation not only helps to realize the above effects, but also accords with the actual needs of improving the credit of the food industry through the government's comprehensive management. The form of legislation should be transformed from departmental regulations to administrative regulations and laws, adopting the operation mode of "combination of government leading and commercial foundation"; establishing the benchmark range of food, food enterprises and industries in compulsory insurance through pilot projects, Limiting the insurer's qualifications and strengthening incentives, giving the victim the right of direct claim, creating the right of choice of the insured and the competitive market of the insurer through the conclusion of the contract and the dissolution of the contract, The regulatory agency should establish the benchmark premium and guide the insurer to determine the specific premium, strengthen the reward and punishment function of the premium, and perfect the third-party evaluation and hearing mechanism in the determination and adjustment of the premium. The scope of liability should be limited to personal injury and the limit of liability should be set. Damage beyond the scope of liability and limitation of liability should be expanded through the risk rescue fund, "basic risks plus additional risks" and other models to expand the compensation capacity; the applicant should have the truthful information, To cooperate with the obligation of inspection and prevention in advance, the personal injury caused by the victim intentionally belongs to the insurer's exemption reason; finally, it is necessary to perfect the system construction of administration and judicial administration.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学法学院;
【基金】：司法部2014年度国家法治与法学理论研究课题《我国食品安全责任强制保险的法律构造研究》(项目批准号:14SFB20033)阶段成果对外经济贸易大学学科建设专项经费资助(XK2014410)
【分类号】：D922.284

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