商业银行独立保函的法律完善

发布时间：2018-05-29 23:43

本文选题：独立保函 + 司法实践　；参考：《中国政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：商业银行独立保函在近十年的发展速度之快,令人瞠目,特别是随着国家“一带一路”和“走出去、引进来”政策的影响,融资性独立保函业务已成为除借款和基金外,第三大投资方式。商业银行独立保函快速发展的原因不仅仅是因为其涉及的基础交易范围变得前所未有的广泛,交易金额越来越巨大、数量愈多,还有商业银行在基础独立保函产品之上不断创造出的新型独立保函衍生产品,这些都令商业银行独立保函业务在国际国内商事活动中呈现蓬勃发展之姿态,但这一切都是表象,究其根本,原因在于商事活动中的债权人对于债权独立性和安全性的更高追求,导致对承担担保人角色的商业银行的金融担保服务要求日趋严格。我国商业银行顺应了这种独立担保的大趋势,在国际和国内的商事活动中大量应用和发展了独立保函业务,但我国的独立担保法律不论从立法层面还是司法实践方面,都远远的落在了实务界后面,这既不符合独立担保发展的大趋势,也不符合我国实务界寻求发展和谋求利益的初衷。而且,由于国际环境的复杂多变,如2011年在利比亚发生的大规模商业银行独立保函不延期即索赔事件,给我国商业银行带来了或立即支付或延长义务的两难境地,大量在利比亚的国内企业因该国战争及局势原因遭受独立保函被索赔的财产损失,寻找利比亚保函延期事件背后的原因,从根本上还是因为我国缺乏对独立保函风险的应对机制。鉴于此,笔者通过对比欧美发达国家独立担保制度和国际惯例,从我国的立法现状分析起,通过大量的案例实证,找到存在我国司法审判、业务制度等方面的问题,并逐一加以分析论证,对问题的原因和影响做出了归纳性总结。最后,对我国商业银行独立保函的相关法律的完善提出笔者的建议。在第一章中,笔者对商业银行独立保函的定义进行了界定,对商业银行独立保函的当事人及其法律关系进行了分析,对商业银行独立保函常见的类型特别是新增类型做了比较详尽的归纳和对比分析;在商业银行独立保函业务现状方面,分成了三个部分内容,包括业务发展现状、法律规范与司法状况和国内外的区别对待。在第二章中,笔者主要分析了商业银行在开展独立保函业务中存在的主要问题,包括三个方面,第一为立法原则与司法实践的现实割裂问题;第二为人民法院止付令的过度滥用问题;第三为缺乏银行保函的专业规范问题,又分成二个小问题:其一为有效期问题;其二为转让问题。在第三章中,笔者主要分析了欧美发达国家的独立担保法律制度和相关国际惯例情况,通过对上述内容的分析和归纳,做出对我国独立保函业务如何从中借鉴的阐述。在第四章中,笔者从立法层面、商业银行内部层面和与国际接轨三个方面来提出对商业独立保函的法律完善意见。在本文的最后,笔者对全文进行了概括性总结,提出了关于商业银行独立保函法律的相关完善意见。笔者认为,伴随着全球经济一体化的发展趋势和独立保函业务具有的重要性与防范潜在风险的急迫性,我国在法律中完全接受独立银行保函并在我国国内明确其法律地位、法律效力和适用,是大势所趋。
[Abstract]:The commercial bank independent guarantee in the development speed of nearly ten years fast, frightening, especially with the national "The Belt and Road" and "go to the introduction of the policy, financing of independent guarantee business has become the exception of borrowing and investment fund, third. The reason of commercial bank independent guarantee rapid development not just because The scope of its underlying transaction has become unprecedented, and the amount of the transaction is increasing, and the amount of the transaction is increasing. There are also new independent guarantee derivatives created by commercial banks on the basis of the basic independent guarantee. These all make the commercial bank's independent guarantee business flourishing in the national business activities in China. But all these are the manifestations. The reason is that the creditors in the business activities have a higher pursuit of the independence and security of the creditor's rights, which leads to the increasingly strict requirements for the financial guarantee service of the commercial banks that bear the role of the guarantor. The independent guarantee business has been applied and developed in a large amount of action, but the independent guarantee law of our country falls far behind the practical field, both in legislative and judicial practice. It does not conform to the trend of the development of independent guarantee, nor is it in line with the original intention of seeking development and seeking interests by our practice circles. Moreover, the international environment is also due to the international environment. It is complicated and changeable, such as the claim event of a large commercial bank in Libya in 2011, which has brought a dilemma for the commercial banks of our country to pay or extend their obligations. A large number of domestic enterprises in Libya have been claimed for the loss of property due to the independent guarantee for the country's war and the cause of the situation, looking for Libby. The reasons behind the postponement of the sub guarantee are fundamentally due to our lack of coping mechanism for the risk of independent guarantee. In view of this, by comparing the independent guarantee system and international practice in the developed countries of Europe and the United States, from the analysis of the current legislative situation in China, the author finds the existence of our judicial trial and business system through a large number of case studies. In the first chapter, the author defines the definition of the independent guarantee for commercial banks and the parties to the independent guarantee of commercial banks. The legal relationship is analyzed, and the common types, especially the new types of commercial banks, are summarized and compared in detail. In the status of independent guarantee business of commercial banks, three parts are divided, including the status of business development, legal norms and judicial status and different treatment at home and abroad. In the two chapter, the author mainly analyzes the main problems of the commercial bank in carrying out the independent guarantee business, including three aspects, the first is the problem of the reality of the legislative principle and the judicial practice; the second is the excessive abuse of the people's court to stop the payment order; third is the problem of the lack of professional norms of the bank guarantee, and it is divided into two small problems: In the third chapter, the author mainly analyzes the independent guarantee legal system and relevant international practice in the developed countries of Europe and the United States. Through the analysis and induction of the above contents, the author makes an exposition of how the independent guarantee business of our country can borrow from it. In the fourth chapter, the author from the legislative level, and the author At the end of this paper, the author makes a general summary of the full text and puts forward some perfect opinions on the law of independent guarantee for commercial banks. The author thinks that the development trend and independent guarantee of the global economic integration are accompanied by the author. The importance of the letter business and the urgency of preventing potential risks. It is the general trend of our country to fully accept the guarantee of the independent bank and to make clear its legal status in our country, the legal effect and the application of the law.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.281

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