金融机构的缔约说明义务研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 16:46

本文选题：金融消费者 + 缔约说明义务　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：金融创新及混业经营背景下,金融商品(服务)交易日益复杂,呈现出高度的专业性和技术性,与传统民事交易相比,绝大多数金融消费者事实上很难完全获悉并了解与缔结合同所相关的重大信息,严重影响其自由缔约意志。然而,金融交易本质上属于平等主体间的私法行为,公平的缔约环境是保证买卖双方表意自由的基础,而意思表示的自由一致则是合同成立及生效的必要前提。因此,为维护金融消费者的合法利益,使双方可以在能力相接近的状态下进行自由缔约选择,就需要金融机构在缔约过程中主动承担更多的说明义务。那么,缔约说明义务规则包含哪些内容?又该如何构建其私法救济体系呢?本文即立足于平等主体间的私法交易关系,以金融机构的缔约说明义务为核心,分析该义务存在的必要性和正当性基础,进而在参考域外经验和我国司法实践的基础上,明确了金融机构缔约说明义务的具体规则,最后,在前述理论研究的基础上,重点探讨了缔约说明义务规则违反时私法救济体系的构建,包括合同撤销进路与侵权责任的民事赔偿进路。全文除引言和结语外,共分为五个部分:第一部分为概述。首先描述了金融机构缔约说明义务的产生背景和法律概念,并指出该义务的基础乃是可受民法调整的平等主体间的金融交易法律关系,接着研究了义务主体的范围及保护对象金融消费者的认定,最后对缔约说明义务与适合性原则及信息披露制度进行了辨析,进一步明确了缔约说明义务的法律概念和功能。第二部分为构建金融机构缔约说明义务的正当性基础。讨论了缔约说明义务在民法、消费者保护法中的理论基础和要求。一方面,缔约说明义务派生于民法诚实信用的基本原则,目的在于督促优势方诚实告知影响缔约意思表示的重要事项;另一方面,消费者保护运动及消法的兴起,也使得民法中的缔约说明义务成为消法上对经营者的主要要求,强调倾斜保护处于弱势方的金融消费者的知情权。此外,本文也对金融消费者权益保护的边界作了说明,明确本文所保护的是缔约所需的一种必要的条件或环境,而非金融商品本身的风险。第三部分为金融机构缔约说明义务的规则。主要参考域外经验,以重要性、可获取性和可理解性为基本原则,介绍了缔约说明义务中重要事项的范围、内容,说明义务的履行方式以及应达到的说明程度。第四部分为缔约说明义务规则的违反与合同效力。主要研究了违反说明义务规则的合同效力问题,认为缔约说明义务的违反构成明示或默示的欺诈,应属于可撤销合同,针对我国法上默示欺诈制度的欠缺,提出应缓和欺诈的"故意"要件,使被欺诈方得以退出与预期不符的交易。第五部分为金融机构缔约说明义务民事责任体系的构建。在请求权基础上,通过对缔约过失责任与侵权责任的分析,结合金融交易的特殊情形,主张确立无过错责任,同时采用举证责任倒置的规定,并对惩罚性赔偿问题进行了讨论。最后,本章还指出了我国金融消费者在私法上的救济路径。
[Abstract]:Under the background of financial innovation and mixed operation, the transaction of financial commodity (service) is becoming more and more complex and highly professional and technical. Compared with the traditional civil transaction, the overwhelming majority of financial consumers are in fact difficult to fully learn and understand the important information related to the conclusion of the contract and seriously affect their free will. In essence, it belongs to the private law between the equal subjects, and the fair contracting environment is the basis for ensuring the freedom of the buyers and sellers, and the free and consistent meaning of the meaning is the necessary prerequisite for the establishment and the entry into force of the contract. Therefore, in order to safeguard the legitimate interests of the financial consumers, the two parties can choose the freedom to choose under the condition of the ability to be close. It is necessary for financial institutions to take the initiative to bear more obligation in the process of contracting. Then, what are the contents of the rules of the contracting obligation and how to construct its private law relief system? This article is based on the private law transaction relations among the equal subjects, and analyzes the necessity of the existence of the obligations of the financial institutions at the core. On the basis of sex and legitimacy, and on the basis of foreign experience and the judicial practice of our country, the specific rules of the obligation of contracting the financial institutions are clarified. Finally, on the basis of the previous theoretical research, the construction of the private law relief body, including the contract rescission route and the tort liability, is emphatically discussed on the basis of the previous theoretical research. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into five parts: the first part is an overview. First, it describes the background and legal concepts of the contracting obligations of the financial institutions, and points out that the basis of the obligation is the legal relationship between the equal subjects which can be adjusted by the civil law, and then the subject of the obligation is studied. The scope and the identification of the financial consumers of the protection object, the final analysis of the contracting obligation and the principle of suitability and the information disclosure system, and further clarify the legal concept and function of the obligation of the contracting parties. The second part is the justification basis for the construction of the contracting obligation of the financial institutions. On the one hand, the obligation of contracting parties is born in the basic principle of honesty and credit in civil law. The purpose is to urge the dominant parties to be honest to inform the important matters that affect the expression of the meaning of the party. On the other hand, the rise of the consumer protection movement and the law of digestion also makes the contracting obligations in the civil law become a law of extinction. On the main requirements of the operators, emphasis is placed on protecting the right to know the financial consumers who are in the weak side. In addition, this article also explains the boundary of the protection of the rights and interests of the financial consumers. It is clear that the protection of this article is a necessary condition or environment needed by the contracting parties, not the risks of the gold melts themselves. The third part is the financial institution. The rules of the obligation of contracting parties, mainly referring to the extraterritorial experience, the basic principles of importance, accessibility and comprehensibility, introduce the scope and content of the important matters in the obligations of the contracting parties, the way of fulfilling the obligations and the degree of explanation that should be reached. The fourth part is the violation and validity of the rules of the Treaty on the description of obligations. According to the question of the validity of the contract that violates the rules of the obligation of description, it is considered that the breach of the obligation of the contracting party constitutes an explicit or implied fraud, which should be a revocable contract. In view of the lack of the implied fraud system in our country, the "intentional" elements of the deception should be mitigated to allow the fraudulent party to withdraw from the expected disagreement. The fifth part is finance. On the basis of the right of claim, on the basis of the right of request, the establishment of the liability for negligence and the liability of tort, and the special circumstances of the financial transaction, advocate the establishment of no fault liability and the provision of the inversion of the burden of proof, and discuss the question of punitive damages. Finally, this chapter points out that The remedies of national financial consumers in private law.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.28

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