“打车软件”的法律监管研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 19:30

本文选题：打车软件 + 政府监管　；参考：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着互联网信息技术的不断发展,便利人们日常生活的依托于互联网信息科技的新兴行业不断产生。自2013年初起,打车软件进入出租车市场,这种“互联网+”新业态一经出现便因其高效便利的优势风靡全国。然而虽然打车软件的出现改变了人们的出行方式,给人们带来了便利,但同时也产生了很多不容忽视的问题,如打车软件给不会使用智能手机的人们带来了新的不公平,司机擅自加价挑客损害顾客的利益,在机场、火车站等场所使用打车软件以及一些黑车借助打车软件拉客一定程度上扰乱了出租车运营、管理秩序,存在安全隐患等。鉴于此,地方政府纷纷采取不同的规制手段来监管打车软件市场,这使游走于法律边缘的打车软件定性不明确。2015年10月交通运输部对通过公布的《关于深化改革进一步推进出租汽车行业健康发展的指导意见》(征求意见稿)和《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》(征求意见稿)力图对互联网专车监管做出统一指导,但由于两份征求意见稿引起很大社会争议,至今尚未出台,所以目前并没有全国性的法律法规来规制打车软件市场。另一方面,虽然各地政府在不同程度上对打车软件采取过一定的监管措施,但无论在合法性上还是在合理性都存在很多问题,如监管不合法、监管尺度过大等,不仅会影响打车软件自身的发展,而且不利于“互联网+”在其他领域的创新与融合,宏观来看不利于市场进步。本文通过规范分析和比较分析的研究方法,从打车软件监管现状入手,对我国打车软件监管模式存在的弊端做了详细分析,并结合域外监管模式,试图找出适合打车软件这种“互联网+”新业态的规制方式。本文除了引言和结语之外包括五部分：第一部分主要介绍了打车软件的发展现状及其存在的现实功能与法律风险,对互联网专车的法律性质进行了分析,此外还对政府监管打车软件的必要性进行了分析。第二部分是对我国打车软件监管模式的介绍,对打车软件两种不同的服务模式分别做出了详细介绍,并从合理性角度对各监管模式进行了分析评价。第三部分主要介绍了四个国家的打车软件规制模式,并总结了三点有助于完善我国监管制度的建议。第四部分通过对打车软件各监管模式的分析,主要在监管尺度、具体监管措施、政策合法性方面总结出了五点政府在监管中存在的弊端。第五部分通过对打车软件自身问题及政府监管模式的详细分析,在如何监管打车软件这个问题上提出了五点监管建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of Internet information technology, the emerging industries which facilitate people's daily life rely on Internet information technology are emerging constantly. Since the beginning of 2013, ride-hailing software has entered the taxi market, the "Internet" as soon as the emergence of a new format because of its advantages of efficiency and convenience swept the country. However, although the emergence of ride-hailing software has changed the way people travel and brought convenience to people, there are also many problems that can not be ignored, such as the fact that ride-hailing software has brought new unfairness to people who cannot use smart phones. Drivers do harm to the interests of customers by using taxi hailing software in airports, railway stations and some black cars with the help of ride-hailing software to a certain extent to disturb taxi operation, management order, safety risks and so on. In view of this, local governments have adopted different regulatory measures to regulate the market for ride-hailing software. This makes the characterization of ride-hailing software on the fringes of the law unclear. In October 2015, the Ministry of Transport issued guidelines on deepening Reform to further promote the healthy Development of the Taxi Industry (draft for comments) and < Interim measures for the Administration of online booking Taxi Business Services (draft for soliciting opinions) strive to give unified guidance to the supervision of Internet special cars, But there is no national law to regulate the market for ride-hailing software because of the controversy over the two drafts, which have yet to be published. On the other hand, although local governments have adopted certain regulatory measures on taxi hailing software to varying degrees, there are many problems in terms of both legality and reasonableness, such as illegal regulation, excessive regulatory scale, and so on. It will not only affect the development of ride-hailing software itself, but also the innovation and integration of "Internet" in other fields. In this paper, through normative analysis and comparative analysis of research methods, starting from the current situation of taxi software supervision, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the drawbacks of China's taxi software regulatory model, and combines with the extraterritorial regulatory model. This paper tries to find out how to regulate the new form of "internet" which is suitable for taxi-hailing software. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes five parts: the first part mainly introduces the current situation of the development of the ride-hailing software and its practical functions and legal risks, and analyzes the legal nature of the Internet special car. In addition, the necessity of government regulation of ride-hailing software is also analyzed. The second part is the introduction of the regulation mode of the taxi hailing software in our country. The two different service modes of the ride-hailing software are introduced in detail and analyzed and evaluated from the point of view of rationality. The third part mainly introduces the four countries' regulation mode of taxi-hailing software, and summarizes three suggestions which are helpful to improve the regulation system of our country. The fourth part through the analysis of the taxi software regulatory model, mainly in the regulatory scale, specific regulatory measures, policy legitimacy, summed up the five-point government in the supervision of the shortcomings. In the fifth part, through the detailed analysis of the problems of the ride-hailing software itself and the mode of government supervision, the author puts forward five suggestions on how to supervise the taxi-hailing software.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.296

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