我国民间借贷利率法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 17:44

本文选题：民间借贷 + 利息　；参考：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：民间借贷历史悠久,它对于促进民众之间的互通有无、扶危济困和经济繁荣发展发挥了重要作用。近些年来,随着我国社会主义市场经济的深入发展,民间借贷日渐活跃,并逐渐在我国金融信贷市场发挥着越来越重要地位,这种简单便捷的融资方式越来越受到人们的青睐。它在解决个人生产方面、其它生活急需方面和企业方面,确实能够为加快资金的利用和流动发挥了积极的作用,也能积极有效地弥补正规金融市场的缺陷。从实践经验来看,民间借贷的法律规范集中体现为利率的调整或规制。我国长期实行的是民间借贷利率不得超过银行同类贷款利率4倍的“四倍红线”最高利率限额制度,但2015年9月1日起实施的《审理民间借贷案件的规定》第26条确立了以年利率24%和年利率36%为标准“两线三区”最高利率限额制度,这为我国民间借贷利率的法律规制提供了新路径,但其实践效果如何仍有待观察。本文共四个部分。第一部分:我国民间借贷利率法律规制的困境。通过赖某某诉解某某的民间借贷纠纷案件,就我国民间借贷纠纷中的争议问题,如借贷本金数额如何认定、利息如何约定、利率如何认定等问题作了分析,指出了我国民间借贷利率法律规制面临的困境;就我国民间借贷利率的发展历史和“四倍红线”最高利率限额制度的调整背景展开分析;就最高法院《审理民间借贷案件的规定》司法解释出台意义及“两线三区”最高利率限额制度的由来作了分析。第二部分:我国民间借贷利率的司法实践问题分析。从司法实践来看,民间借贷利率规制主要涉及逾期利息无约定时的利率适用推定标准、逾期利息与逾期违约金的关系、借贷双方利息约定不明确时规则推定和复利禁止等问题,最高法院《审理民间借贷纠纷案件的规定》对此作了更为明确的规定,有利于司法实践的统一。《审理民间借贷纠纷案件的规定》第26条确立了以年利率为24%、36%的标准合法债权、不完全债权和违法债权即“两线三区”的最高利率限额制度,是对原有的“四倍利率”利率规制的检讨和优化。与原有的“四倍利率”利率规制相比,新的“两线三区”最高利率限额制度将以往属于自然债务的部分,是否超过年利率36%划线为基点,对于超过的部分进行公权力干预,并增加了24%至36%的缓冲地带,使得民间借贷的利率规制更显灵活性,宽松有度。第三部分:国外民间借贷利率法律规制的经验借鉴。对于民间借贷利率的规制,美国采取的是以行政规制规则管制模式。也就是说,政府公布利率上限的客观标准,并规定了违反此法定利率标准的惩罚,但各州做法又有不同;德国采取的是由法院事后“主观判断”方式,即由法官行使自由裁量权,自由裁量借贷合同所规定的利率是否构成“过高利息”并进而予以调整;法国的做法是采取主客观标准规制的模式,允许借贷双方当事人比照银行同类贷款利率进行调整,法官也可以事后行使自由裁量权对借贷利率上限进行调整与修改;日本对民间借贷的监管采取的是以政府为主导的模式,明确了约定利率的最高标准,对利率的限制比较严格。通过对国外的民间借贷利率法律规制的考察可以看出,基本上是设定一个法定的上限,但对利率规制的严格或宽松随着经济发展不同阶段和国家经济政策的调整而不断调整;对利率的规制主要通过立法、行政和司法等相互配合、共同完成。第四部分:依据对国外制度的考察以及结合我国的具体情况,笔者提出了一些关于完善我国民间借贷利率法律规制的浅微意见。我国民间借贷借贷利率管制制度的完善,要认识到民间借贷的法律地位,通过立法赋予民间借贷的合法地位、实行分类规制、对消费性贷款设定合理的利率上限民间借贷、完善相关配套制度等相关问题。
[Abstract]:The folk loan has a long history. It plays an important role in promoting the exchange of people, helping the crisis and the economic prosperity and development. In recent years, with the deep development of the socialist market economy in China, the private lending is becoming more and more active and is playing a more and more important role in the financial and credit market of our country. This simple and convenient way is simple and convenient. The way of financing is becoming more and more popular. In solving personal production, other needs and enterprises, it can indeed play an active role in speeding up the use and flow of funds, and can make up for the defects of the formal financial market actively and effectively. It is reflected in the adjustment or regulation of interest rates. China has long implemented the "four times red line" maximum interest rate limit system for the private lending rate of 4 times that of the bank's similar loan interest rate, but in September 1, 2015, the provisions on the cases of private lending have been established with the annual interest rate of 24% and the annual rate of 36% as the standard "two line three". "The maximum interest rate limit system, which provides a new path for the legal regulation of the interest rate of private lending in China, but its practical effect remains to be observed. This paper has four parts. The first part: the plight of the legal regulation of the interest rate of private lending in our country. The issue of the dispute, such as how to determine the amount of the loan principal, how to agree on interest, and how to identify the interest rate, points out the difficulties faced by the legal regulation of the interest rate of private lending in our country, and analyzes the background of the development history of the interest rate of private lending in China and the adjustment background of the maximum interest rate limit system of "four times red line". In the second part, the judicial practice of the interest rate of private lending in China is analyzed. From the judicial practice, the regulation of the interest rate of private lending is mainly related to the presumption of interest rate applicable to the interest rate of overdue interest. The standard, the relationship between the overdue interest and the overdue liquidated penalty, the rules presumption and the prohibition of the compound interest when the interest agreement of the borrowers and the borrowers are not clear, and the provisions of the Supreme Court to hear the cases of civil debit and credit disputes are more clearly defined, and it is beneficial to the unification of judicial practice. The provisions of the twenty-sixth provisions for the cases of civil debit and credit disputes have been established. The annual interest rate of 24%, 36% of the standard legal creditor, the incomplete creditor's right and the illegal claim is the maximum rate limit system of "two lines and three areas", which is the review and optimization of the original "four times interest rate" rate regulation. Compared with the original "four times interest rate" rate regulation, the new "two line three zone" maximum interest rate limit system will be from the past. However, whether the part of the debt is more than 36% of the annual interest rate as the base point, to intervene the excess part by public power, and increase the buffer zone of 24% to 36%, make the interest rate regulation of the private lending more vivid and loose. The third part: the experience of foreign private lending rate law regulation. Regulation on the interest rate of private lending. The United States adopts an administrative regulation regulation mode. In other words, the government announces the objective standard of the interest rate limit and stipulates the punishment that violates the legal interest rate standard, but there are different practices in each state; Germany adopts the court "subjective judgment" after the court, that is, the judge exercises the discretion and discretionary loan contract. Whether the prescribed interest rate constitutes "high interest" and then to be adjusted; the French practice is to adopt the model of subjective and objective standards, allowing the parties to borrow both parties to adjust the interest rate of the same kind, and the judge can also exercise the discretion to adjust and modify the upper limit of the borrowing rate. The supervision of the loan is taken by the government - led model, which clearly defines the highest standard of the interest rate and restricts the interest rate. Through the investigation of the legal regulation of the foreign private lending rate, it can be seen that the legal limit is basically set, but the strict or loose interest rate regulation is with the different stages of economic development and the different stages of economic development. The adjustment of national economic policy is constantly adjusted; the regulation of interest rate is mainly through legislation, administration and judicature to cooperate with each other. The fourth part: Based on the inspection of the foreign system and the specific circumstances of our country, the author puts forward some superficial opinions on improving the legal regulation of the interest rate of our national loan. The improvement of the lending and lending rate control system should recognize the legal status of private lending, the legal status of the private lending by legislation, the implementation of classified regulation, the setting of reasonable interest rate upper limit private lending to consumer loans, and the improvement of related supporting systems.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.282

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