我国履行国际航空保安公约的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 21:44

本文选题：民用航空安全 + 国际航空保安公约　；参考：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：1978年以来,随着改革开放的深入,我国经济得到飞速发展,国家之间的合作不断加深,民用航空运输在国际经济合作中起到越来越重要的作用,乘坐飞机出行也更为广泛的进入到人们生活的方方面面,成为人们生活的一部分。伴随着航空运输业的发展,一系列国内乃至国际性的问题不断出现。2001年911恐怖袭击事件让人们意识到民用航空运输不再安全,它不断为各国犯罪分子所利用,成为危害国际民用航空安全的头号威胁。各国意识到,唯有国际合作来才是打击各类危害国际民用航空安全的违法行为的有力手段。自1960年以来,《东京公约》、《海牙公约》、《蒙特利尔公约》、《蒙特利尔公约补充议定书》和《北京公约》及《北京议定书》等一系列国际公约相继出台,将已经出现或将要出现的对国际民用航空安全构成威胁的行为定义为犯罪,以保障各国能够借助航空器自由的交往,和谐有序的共生于地球村。虽然国际航空保安公约构建了一个相对完备的法律体系,但是国内立法却仍然落后于世界的脚步,存在各种急需解决的问题。我国《民用航空法》出台于1996年,是一部用以规范民用航空运输的专门法律,其中对危害民用航空安全的行为进行了分类,被认定为犯罪的,则援引1979年《刑法》中的相应条文对犯罪行为进行处罚。但是,当1979年《刑法》被1997年《刑法》所取代并有了九个修正案的现在,《民用航空法》仍停留在十几年前的状态。因此,两部法律不统一、不协调便为维护民用航空运输造成了较大的阻碍。同时,由于我国国情和其他政治经济的原因,我国现行刑法还未完成与国际航空保安公约的接轨,罪名和罪状的设置以及管辖权冲突等问题都为犯罪份子提供了可乘之机。本文以国际航空保安公约的内容为基础,并对国内立法与之存在的差异进行全面分析研究,指出现阶段我国维护民用航空安全的立法中存在的欠妥之处。同时,本文从我国立法现状出发,对《民用航空法》、《刑法》和相关法律法规的完善提出了建议,以促进我国维护民用航空安全的立法完善。本文主要内容共有四部分。第一部分是对国际航空保安公约的内容的阐述,主要对国际航空保安公约中的定义、管辖权、适用的对象和时间以及程序法中的法律问题进行概述。第二部分内容是讨论我国现行立法与国际航空保安公约的衔接问题,这一部分是从我国国内立法的角度出发,主要是《民用航空法》、《刑法》及其他相关规范性文件,分析哪些内容与国际航空保安公约是相匹配的,哪些内容又是与国际航空保安公约是不对应的,为下文展开论述国内立法和国际航空保安公约的缺陷做铺垫。第三部分主要分析我国国内立法的缺陷,其中主要是对《民用航空法》、1997年《刑法》和其他一些规范性法律文件中所存在立法缺陷进行论述,重点论证了我国现行刑法所存在的问题,包括刑法对罪名的描述不够准确,犯罪的构成要件与国际航空保安公约不统一,对名词的解释与国际航空保安公约不一致,对管辖权冲突的处理不适当以及未将威胁犯罪入刑等问题。第四部分内容主要是我国保护民用航空安全的立法建议,该部分内容借鉴国际航空保安公约的内容对我国国内立法提出立法建议,以完善我国保护民用航空安全的法律体系。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, with the deepening of the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly and the cooperation between countries has deepened. Civil aviation transportation has played a more and more important role in international economic cooperation. It has also been more widely used in all aspects of people's life, and has become a part of people's life. The development of transportation industry, a series of domestic and international problems continue to appear in the 9? 11 terrorist attacks of.2001 years. People realize that civil aviation is no longer safe. It is used by criminals in various countries and becomes the first threat to the safety of international civil aviation. Since 1960, a series of international conventions, such as the Tokyo convention, the Hague convention, the Montreal convention, the Montreal convention, the Montreal convention Supplementary Protocol and the Beijing Convention and the Beijing protocol have been published since 1960. The act of threat is defined as a crime to ensure the free communication of the aircraft and the harmonious and orderly symbiosis of the earth village. Although the international aviation security convention has built a relatively complete legal system, the domestic legislation still falls behind the world, and there are various problems to be solved urgently. Law was introduced in 1996, which is a special law used to regulate civil aviation transportation, which classifies the acts endangering civil aviation safety and has been identified as a crime. The corresponding provisions in the 1979 < criminal law > are cited for the punishment of criminal acts. However, the 1979 < penal law > was replaced by 1997 < penal law > and nine amendments Now, the civil aviation law still stays in the state of more than a dozen years ago. Therefore, the two laws are not unified, and the incoordination has caused great obstacles to the maintenance of civil aviation transportation. At the same time, the current criminal law of our country has not completed the connection with the international air security conventions because of our national conditions and other political and economic reasons. This article, based on the contents of the international air security convention, analyzes the differences between domestic legislation and the existence of the domestic legislation and refers to the shortcomings in the legislation of the emergence of China's civil aviation security at the emergence stage. On the basis of the present situation, some suggestions are made for the improvement of the civil aviation law, the criminal law and the relevant laws and regulations to promote the legislative perfection of the civil aviation safety in China. The main contents of this article are four parts. The first part is the exposition of the contents of the international air security convention, the definition, jurisdiction and suitability of the international air security conventions. The second part is to discuss the connection between the current legislation of China and the international air security convention. This part is from the perspective of domestic legislation, mainly the civil aviation law, the criminal law and his related normative documents, and the analysis of which contents and countries. The third part mainly analyzes the defects of domestic legislation in China, including the civil aviation law, the 1997 < penal code > and some other rules. The legislative defects in the legal documents are discussed, and the problems in the current criminal law of China are demonstrated, including the inaccurate description of the criminal law, the ununity of the constitutive requirements of the crime and the international air security conventions, the disagreement with the international air security conventions and the improper handling of the conflict of jurisdiction. The fourth part is mainly about our legislative proposals for the protection of civil aviation safety. This part of the contents of the international aviation security convention put forward legislative proposals to our domestic legislation in order to improve the legal system for the protection of civil aviation safety in our country.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D993.4;D922.296

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