网络环境下商业诋毁行为的法律认定

发布时间：2018-06-26 06:49

  本文选题：商誉 + 商业诋毁　； 参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：商业诋毁以破坏商誉为特征,是一种典型易见的不正当竞争行为,严重危害了公平竞争的市场秩序。特别是在网络经济时代,互联网技术的发展为商业诋毁提供了便利的平台,利用网络信息的高速和跨地域传播,成为不正当竞争者的重要手段。虽然我国在《反不正当竞争法》中对商业诋毁行为已有规定,但该法自颁布施行已有二十多年,时过境迁,司法实践中对其构成要件的传统理解已不足以解决网络环境中的新型、复杂案件。网络行为的匿名和隐蔽性增加了对其认定的难度,加上对管辖法院、电子证据等的认定规则还不尽完善,司法实践中要准确认定被诉行为是否构成商业诋毁还面临重重困境。笔者对如何认定网络特殊环境中的商业诋毁行为进行了比较系统全面的研究,在典型案例和已有文献资料的基础上详细分析我国网络商业诋毁行为认定的立法局限和司法困境,尝试从竞争法和民事诉讼法两方面提出完善建议,以期为网络商业诋毁纠纷的解决提供参考。本文主体共分为四个部分:第一部分,对利用网络实施的商业诋毁行为进行概括性介绍。根据腾讯案、蒙牛诽谤门等近年发生的典型案例,分析归纳出通过网络平台实施的商业诋毁行为较之传统商业诋毁的特殊性,并介绍了四种具体表现形式。第二部分,着重分析网络商业诋毁行为的构成要件及其不足。在我国当前立法和学说理论的基础上,从实施主体、客观表现、主观意图、侵害客体四方面阐述网络商业诋毁的立法构成,并对行为构成认定中面临的问题进行了探讨。这些问题主要包括两种:一种是法律尚无明确规定的,如竞争关系的具体界定、非主体身份者行为的定性问题等;另一种则是已有规定难以应对网络复杂环境的诋毁形式和主观认定标准的问题。第三部分,阐述我国网络商业诋毁行为认定的司法实践现状和审理中存在的问题。首先,网络商业诋毁纠纷的侵权行为地不易确定,适用一般侵权管辖规则存有争议;其次,原告的举证能力和举证负担不匹配,司法维权成本高昂;再次,法官能动性的发挥缺乏规范,不利于裁决的统一;最后,基于上述对网络商业诋毁行为认定的分析,对腾讯诉奇虎商业诋毁案的裁决予以评析。第四部分,针对上文指出的立法局限和司法实践中的问题,提出完善我国网络商业诋毁行为认定的意见和建议。
[Abstract]:Commercial slander, characterized by breaking goodwill, is a typical unfair competition behavior, which seriously endangers the fair competition market order. Especially in the era of network economy, the development of Internet technology provides a convenient platform for business slander, and makes use of the high-speed and cross-regional dissemination of network information to become an important means of unfair competitors. Although the act of commercial defamation has been stipulated in the Anti-unfair Competition Law in China, it has been more than 20 years since the law was promulgated and implemented, and the times have changed. The traditional understanding of its constituent elements in judicial practice is not enough to solve the new and complex cases in the network environment. The anonymity and concealment of the network behavior increase the difficulty of its identification, plus the jurisdiction of the court, electronic evidence and other rules of identification is not perfect, judicial practice to accurately identify whether the accused act constitutes commercial slander is still facing many difficulties. The author makes a systematic and comprehensive study on how to identify the commercial defamation behavior in the special network environment. On the basis of the typical cases and the existing literature, the author analyzes in detail the legislative limitations and judicial difficulties of the identification of the online commercial defamation behavior in China. This paper tries to put forward some suggestions from two aspects of competition law and civil procedure law in order to provide reference for the settlement of Internet business defamation dispute. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is a general introduction to the commercial defamation implemented by the network. According to the typical cases such as Tencent case, Mengniu defamation door and so on in recent years, this paper analyzes and concludes the particularity of the commercial slander implemented through the network platform compared with the traditional commercial defamation, and introduces four concrete forms of expression. The second part focuses on the analysis of the network business defamation elements and deficiencies. On the basis of the current legislation and theory of our country, this paper expounds the legislative constitution of network commercial slander from four aspects of implementing subject, objective expression, subjective intention and infringing object, and probes into the problems faced in the identification of behavior constitution. These problems mainly include two kinds: one is that the law has not clearly stipulated, such as the specific definition of the competition relationship, the qualitative problem of the behavior of the non-subject identity and so on; The other is that it is difficult to deal with the form of slander and subjective standard of network complex environment. In the third part, the author expounds the judicial practice status and the problems in the trial of the online commercial defamation in our country. First, the infringement of online commercial defamation disputes is difficult to determine, the application of general tort jurisdiction rules are controversial; secondly, the plaintiff's ability to prove and burden of proof does not match, the cost of judicial rights is high; third, The lack of standardization of the judge's initiative is not conducive to the unity of the ruling. Finally, based on the above analysis of the identification of online commercial defamation, the judgment of Tencent v. Qihu Commercial Defamation case is evaluated. In the fourth part, aiming at the limitation of legislation and the problems in judicial practice, the author puts forward some opinions and suggestions on how to perfect the identification of online commercial defamation in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294
，

本文编号：2069557