比特币法律监管问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:20

【摘要】：随着“互联网+金融”时代的来临,比特币应运而生,具有非凡的创造性与代表性。比特币本身拥有开源化、独特性的生产交易机制,人们逐渐了解、认可比特币内在所蕴含的价值与作用,这使其业务领域与运用发展不断地拓宽。比特币犹如双刃剑般,给经济金融带来了崭新视角与巨大冲击,给人们的生产生活带来了新颖理念与简便快捷;同时,又引发了诸多方面的现实风险与潜在威胁,给法律法规带来了极大挑战与迫切需求。本文之写作目的在于探究比特币的概念与性质,以及比特币迅猛发展所带来的诸多风险与法律问题,然后针对文章所述的困境,深刻剖析、积极寻求比特币法律监管的应对之策,从而使得比特币这一新生事物可以得到健康的发展。本文在第一章绪论中,说明了选题背景、意义、文献综述、研究方法、创新点。第二章从介绍比特币的概念到比特币去中心化、匿名性、网络性、总量固定性、国际流通性、快捷低廉性等特征,又区分了其他相近概念,描述了生产交易运行原理、起源和发展阶段,进而确认了比特币具有货币与商品的法律属性。第三章第一部分分析了比特币由于自身特点而引发的突出问题:挑战中央银行的职权,引发新型违法犯罪,信用缺失风险与技术安全风险;第二部分剖析了比特币法律监管不足之处:比特币法律界定模糊,交易法律制度缺失,价值认定困难,举证、取证和证据的保全困难,管辖权模糊,准据法的无从选择,司法机关态度矛盾等。第四章先介绍了美国、英国、法国、德国和日本等国家对比特币的法律监管现状,又描述了中国对待比特币的优劣势,继而引发了对国内外比特币法律监管现状的比较与启示,如公权及时介入、避免绝对扼杀、实行实名注册。第五章是本文的重点部分,针对比特币提出了较为全面、完整的对策建议。措施如下:一是指出需要明确比特币的法律地位与遵循原则;二是监管比特币交易平台、提高准入门槛、落实保护义务;三是完善管辖权、电子证据保全、价值认定、预警机制等司法保护体系;四是加强市场风险防控与监管,如严厉打击洗钱等犯罪活动、对比特币交易实行征税、探索设立实名制、建立信息披露与安全保障机制。
[Abstract]:With the advent of the "Internet finance" era, Bitcoin came into being with extraordinary creativity and representativeness. Bitcoin has its own open source, unique production and trading mechanism, people gradually understand and recognize the inherent value and role of Bitcoin, which makes its business field and application continuously expand. Bitcoin, like a double-edged sword, has brought a new angle of view and a huge impact to the economy and finance, brought new ideas and convenience to people's production and life, at the same time, it has caused many real risks and potential threats. It brings great challenge and urgent need to laws and regulations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept and nature of Bitcoin, as well as the risks and legal problems brought about by the rapid development of Bitcoin. Actively seek countermeasures for the legal regulation of bitcoin, so that the new thing can develop healthily. In the first chapter, the paper explains the background, significance, literature review, research methods and innovation. The second chapter introduces the concept of bitcoin to the characteristics of decentralization, anonymity, network, fixed total amount, international circulation, quickness and low cost. It also distinguishes other similar concepts, and describes the operation principle of production and transaction. The origin and development stage, further confirmed that Bitcoin has the legal attribute of currency and commodity. The first part of the third chapter analyzes the prominent problems caused by Bitcoin because of its own characteristics: challenging the authority of central bank, causing new crimes, credit loss risk and technology security risk; The second part analyzes the deficiencies of Bitcoin legal supervision: the definition of Bitcoin law is vague, the legal system of transaction is missing, the value identification is difficult, the proof, the evidence collection and the preservation of evidence are difficult, the jurisdiction is vague, and there is no choice of applicable law. The attitude of judicial organs is contradictory. The fourth chapter first introduces the current situation of the legal regulation of Bitcoin in the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Japan, and describes the advantages and disadvantages of China's treatment of Bitcoin, which leads to a comparison and enlightenment of the current situation of legal supervision of Bitcoin at home and abroad. If the public right timely intervention, avoid absolute strangulation, the implementation of real name registration. The fifth chapter is the key part of this paper, put forward a more comprehensive, complete countermeasures and suggestions for Bitcoin. The measures are as follows: first, it is necessary to clarify the legal status of Bitcoin and follow the principles; second, to regulate the Bitcoin trading platform, raise the entry threshold, and implement the protection obligations; and third, to improve jurisdiction, preserve electronic evidence, and determine the value. Fourth, strengthen the market risk prevention and control and supervision, such as cracking down on money laundering and other criminal activities, impose taxes on Bitcoin transactions, explore the establishment of real-name system, establish information disclosure and security mechanisms.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.28

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