新型农村金融机构的制度障碍和法律完善

发布时间：2018-07-26 13:37

【摘要】：由于现有农村市场中的存量金融机构无法破解中国农村金融发展难题,政府试图通过组建新型农村金融机构这一增量探索出一条新的发展道路。相较于存量金融机构,新型农村金融机构显示出诸如目标更加专注于服务“三农”、向民间资本开放、门槛较低等“新”特点,这使它在解决农村金融问题方面意义重大。但随着新型农村金融机构大量培育,相关制度安排的缺陷也暴露出来,总体来说就是既有制度安排不能够满足新型农村金融机构对“营利性”、“支农性”、“竞争性”的要求,新型农村金融机构难以实现可持续发展。在此背景下,本文对相关制度安排进行考察,在分析既有制度存在的问题的基础上,借鉴国外金融机构的成功经验,提出具体的完善方案,期望可以为新型农村金融机构的健康可持续发展提供助力。本文除引言外主要分为五部分。第一部分主要阐述的新型农村金融机构产生的现实背景和意义。指出其产生一方面是基于金融在经济发展中的重要地位,另一方面是因为农村金融市场不发达,“系统性负投资”现象长期存在。进一步表明该类机构的产生对提高农村金融服务水平的重要性。第二部分分析了新型农村金融机构的“新型”之处以及发展现状。首先针对村镇银行、农村资金互助社、贷款公司、小额贷款公司进行了简单的介绍和比较。紧接对新型农村金融机构的“新”特点进行分析。最后根据其发展现状,指出面临的问题。第三部分对既有制度不适应新型农村金融机构发展之处进行分析。首先指出阻碍该类机构发展的主要原因是相关法律制度存在障碍,接着分析了新型农村金融机构发展的三方面制度需求,指出既有的制度供给与制度需求不符。最后具体分析新型农村金融机构制度供给存在的问题。第四部分介绍了国外典型金融机构发展模式。对美国社区银行、日本农协、孟加拉格莱珉银行的发展模式分别进行介绍,分析各自的特点,并总结可供我国新型农村金融机构借鉴的经验。第五部分就如何完善新型农村金融机构相关制度提出建议。首先,指明制度完善的总体目标。然后,明确具体措施,如要取消现行制度对新型农村金融机构的资金来源限制、经营管制,建立有效的激励制度提高新型农村金融机构的支农积极性,完善农村信用担保体系、农业保险制度等以建构新型农村金融机构与传统农村金融机构开展公平竞争的环境。
[Abstract]:Because the existing stock financial institutions in the rural market can not solve the problem of rural financial development in China, the government tries to explore a new way of development through the incremental establishment of new rural financial institutions. Compared with the stock financial institutions, the new rural financial institutions show new characteristics, such as focusing more on serving "agriculture, countryside and farmers", opening up to private capital, and low threshold, which makes it of great significance in solving rural financial problems. But with a large number of cultivation of new rural financial institutions, the defects of related institutional arrangements are also exposed. In general, the existing institutional arrangements can not meet the "profitability" and "supporting agriculture" of new rural financial institutions. It is difficult for new rural financial institutions to achieve sustainable development due to the requirement of competition. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the existing institutions and the successful experience of foreign financial institutions, this paper puts forward specific improvement schemes. It is expected to help the healthy and sustainable development of new rural financial institutions. In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into five parts. The first part mainly elaborates the realistic background and significance of the new rural financial institutions. It is pointed out that on the one hand, it is based on the important position of finance in economic development, on the other hand, the phenomenon of "systematic negative investment" exists for a long time because of the underdevelopment of rural financial market. Further shows that the emergence of this kind of institutions to improve the level of rural financial services importance. The second part analyzes the new rural financial institutions and the development of the status quo. First of all, it introduces and compares the village bank, the rural mutual fund cooperative, the loan company and the small loan company. This paper analyzes the new characteristics of the new rural financial institutions. Finally, according to its development status, pointed out the problems faced. The third part analyzes that the existing system can not adapt to the development of new rural financial institutions. Firstly, the author points out that the main reason of hindering the development of this kind of institution is the obstacle of relevant legal system, then analyzes the three aspects of institutional demand of the development of new rural financial institution, and points out that the existing institutional supply is not consistent with the institutional demand. Finally, the article analyzes the problems in the supply of the new rural financial institutions. The fourth part introduces the development model of foreign typical financial institutions. This paper introduces the development models of American Community Bank, Japan Agriculture Association and Bangladesh Grameen Bank, analyzes their characteristics and summarizes the experiences that can be used for reference by new rural financial institutions in China. The fifth part puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the new rural financial institutions. First of all, point out the overall goal of system perfection. Then, the specific measures, such as abolishing the current system of the new rural financial institutions to limit the source of funds, management control, establish an effective incentive system to improve the enthusiasm of the new rural financial institutions to support agriculture, improve the rural credit guarantee system. Agricultural insurance system is to construct a fair competition environment between new rural financial institutions and traditional rural financial institutions.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28

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