保险利益原则在实务中的运用
发布时间：2018-07-28 21:48
【摘要】：市场经济是竞争经济,市场经济条件下的社会也是一个风险社会,机遇与风险共存。保险作为市场经济的安全阀门,其作用就在于分散风险以减少损失。作为市场活动的主体,为了实现利益最大化、风险最小化,纷纷加入购买保险的行列之中。比如农民为农作物购买农业保险;学校为学生购买学生平安险;飞行员购买停飞保险;财产权利人给财产投保等等。但是,由于保险合同具有射幸的特征,投保人和保险人的机会都是不确定的,投保人希望以较小的保费获得较大的赔付,保险人则希望收取了保费,不发生保险事故,这样就无需赔付并且能获得更大的收益。因此,投保人或保险人不免会为一己私利而产生赌博行为从而引发道德风险,保险利益原则在保险法中的确立正是解决此类问题的有效机制。保险利益是保险利益原则的主要内容,制约着投保人订立保险合同的权利,影响着保险合同的法律效力。无风险则无保险,保险的功能就是减少损失、分担风险。保险利益原则从海上保险应运而生并逐步发展,至今其适用范围已不仅仅局限于海商领域。目前,保险利益原则被大多数国家在立法和实践中运用,我国则在1995年保险法第十一条规定了该原则,并在以后的2009年对保险法的修改及司法解释、2013年和2015年的司法解释中对保险利益原则的法律条文不断完善。但是在司法实践中对该原则如何适用,存在着许多争议,也是本论文研究的重点。本文结构如下:一是引言。本部分主要内容包括:选题的背景和意义、研究本选题的思路及方法、文献综述及选题的创新点。二是保险利益原则的法理基础。本部分主要阐述研究保险利益原则在实务运用中的基本理论,包括:保险利益的内涵;保险利益的立法例,即概括主义和列举主义;认定人身保险利益的原则:利益主义原则、同意主义原则、利益主义与同意主义兼顾的原则;构成保险利益的三要件:合法性、确定性和经济性。通过广东琪田农药化工有限公司诉中国人民财产保险股份有限公司深圳市分公司、马育明保险合同纠纷案分析合法性要件在认定中存在的问题;通过赏月险一案分析保险利益的确定性和经济性要件在认定中存在的问题。三是保险利益原则在实务中的运用。本部分论述了保险利益原则在人身保险和财产保险中的适用主体以及适用时间,通过爷爷索取孙女身故保险金索赔案、林某诉保险公司拒赔身故保险金案论述人身保险中保险利益的适用主体和适用时间;通过富奥公司诉保险公司财产损害赔偿纠纷案、棉织厂涤纶布烧毁索赔案论述财产保险中保险利益的适用主体和适用时间。四是保险利益原则在实务运用中的思考与建议。本部分主要是在前四章的基础上,思考保险利益原则在法律上取得的进步与不足。并针对人身保险利益的认定问题、人身保险利益审查义务的主体问题、保险利益合法性认定存在的问题和财产保险利益在实务运用中过于严苛的问题提出几点建议。
[Abstract]:The market economy is a competitive economy, the society under the market economy is also a risk society, the opportunity and the risk coexist. As the safety valve of the market economy, the role of the insurance is to disperse the risk and reduce the loss. As the main body of the market activity, in order to maximize the interests and minimize the risk, the insurance is added to the ranks of the insurance. For example, farmers buy agricultural insurance for crops; schools buy students' safety insurance for students; pilots buy off flight insurance; property rights holders give insurance to property, etc.. However, as the insurance contract has the characteristics of good fortune, the chances of the insured and the insurer are all uncertain, and the insured wants to pay larger payments with smaller premiums. The insurer wants to charge a premium without an insurance accident, so that there is no need to pay and gain a greater profit. Therefore, the insured or the insurer can not avoid gambling for selfish interests, thus triggering a moral hazard. The establishment of the insurance interest principle in the insurance law is an effective mechanism to solve such problems. Benefit is the main content of the principle of insurance interest, which restricts the insurer's right to conclude the insurance contract and affects the legal effect of the insurance contract. The function of the insurance is to reduce the loss and share the risk. The insurance interest principle has come into being and gradually developed from marine insurance. So far, the scope of its application is not limited to Yu Hai. At present, the principle of insurance interest is used by most countries in legislation and practice. In China, the eleventh article of insurance law in 1995 stipulates this principle, and in the subsequent 2009 the amendment and judicial interpretation of the insurance law, and the legal provisions on the principle of insurance benefit in the judicial interpretation of 2013 and 2015, but in the judicature. In practice, there are many controversies in the application of this principle. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the main contents of this part include: the background and significance of the topic, the ideas and methods of this topic, the literature review and the innovation of the topic. Two is the legal basis of the principle of insurance interest. The basic theories of the application of the principle of insurance interest, including the connotation of the insurance interest, the legislation of the insurable interest, the generalism and the enumeration, the principle of identifying the interests of the personal insurance: the principle of interest, the principle of consent, the principle of the consideration of the interests and the consent; the three elements of the insurable interest: legality. Sex, certainty and economy. Through the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute, the problems existing in the identification of legal elements in the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute are analyzed by Guangdong Qi field pesticide chemical Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen branch of Peoples Insurance Company of China. The three is the application of the principle of insurance interest in the practice. This part discusses the applicable subject of the principle of insurance interest in personal insurance and property insurance and the time of application. Through the claim of the grandfather's claim for the insurance gold of a granddaughter, Lin certain insurance company refuses to compensate for the application of the insurance interest in the insurance of personal insurance. Through the case of the property damage compensation dispute of Fu ho company v. insurance company and the case of the burning of polyester fabric in the cotton mill, the paper discusses the applicable subject and the time of application of the insurance interests in the property insurance. Four is the thinking and suggestion in the practical application of the principle of insurance interest. The progress and deficiency of the principle in the law have been made, and in view of the identification of the interests of personal insurance, the subject of the obligation to examine the interests of the personal insurance, the problems in the identification of the legitimacy of the insurance interests and the problems of the property insurance interest in practical application, some suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284
[Abstract]:The market economy is a competitive economy, the society under the market economy is also a risk society, the opportunity and the risk coexist. As the safety valve of the market economy, the role of the insurance is to disperse the risk and reduce the loss. As the main body of the market activity, in order to maximize the interests and minimize the risk, the insurance is added to the ranks of the insurance. For example, farmers buy agricultural insurance for crops; schools buy students' safety insurance for students; pilots buy off flight insurance; property rights holders give insurance to property, etc.. However, as the insurance contract has the characteristics of good fortune, the chances of the insured and the insurer are all uncertain, and the insured wants to pay larger payments with smaller premiums. The insurer wants to charge a premium without an insurance accident, so that there is no need to pay and gain a greater profit. Therefore, the insured or the insurer can not avoid gambling for selfish interests, thus triggering a moral hazard. The establishment of the insurance interest principle in the insurance law is an effective mechanism to solve such problems. Benefit is the main content of the principle of insurance interest, which restricts the insurer's right to conclude the insurance contract and affects the legal effect of the insurance contract. The function of the insurance is to reduce the loss and share the risk. The insurance interest principle has come into being and gradually developed from marine insurance. So far, the scope of its application is not limited to Yu Hai. At present, the principle of insurance interest is used by most countries in legislation and practice. In China, the eleventh article of insurance law in 1995 stipulates this principle, and in the subsequent 2009 the amendment and judicial interpretation of the insurance law, and the legal provisions on the principle of insurance benefit in the judicial interpretation of 2013 and 2015, but in the judicature. In practice, there are many controversies in the application of this principle. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the main contents of this part include: the background and significance of the topic, the ideas and methods of this topic, the literature review and the innovation of the topic. Two is the legal basis of the principle of insurance interest. The basic theories of the application of the principle of insurance interest, including the connotation of the insurance interest, the legislation of the insurable interest, the generalism and the enumeration, the principle of identifying the interests of the personal insurance: the principle of interest, the principle of consent, the principle of the consideration of the interests and the consent; the three elements of the insurable interest: legality. Sex, certainty and economy. Through the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute, the problems existing in the identification of legal elements in the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute are analyzed by Guangdong Qi field pesticide chemical Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen branch of Peoples Insurance Company of China. The three is the application of the principle of insurance interest in the practice. This part discusses the applicable subject of the principle of insurance interest in personal insurance and property insurance and the time of application. Through the claim of the grandfather's claim for the insurance gold of a granddaughter, Lin certain insurance company refuses to compensate for the application of the insurance interest in the insurance of personal insurance. Through the case of the property damage compensation dispute of Fu ho company v. insurance company and the case of the burning of polyester fabric in the cotton mill, the paper discusses the applicable subject and the time of application of the insurance interests in the property insurance. Four is the thinking and suggestion in the practical application of the principle of insurance interest. The progress and deficiency of the principle in the law have been made, and in view of the identification of the interests of personal insurance, the subject of the obligation to examine the interests of the personal insurance, the problems in the identification of the legitimacy of the insurance interests and the problems of the property insurance interest in practical application, some suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.284
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