中美票据权利人类型划分规则差异化研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 13:26

【摘要】：1996年1月1日开始施行的《中华人民共和国票据法》自颁布之日起就因存在诸多弊端饱受票据法学界的批判。在众多的修改意见中,如何修改并完善票据权利人制度少人问津,这与该制度在整个票据法体系中的重要法律地位并不相适应。在票据权利人制度体系中,票据权利人类型划分规则是其不可或缺的一项重要组成部分。相比较而言,中美票据法在票据权利人类型划分规则方面存在体系构建、具体范畴等方面的区别,这同两国票据立法发展进程、立法技术和票据权利类型规则的差异有密切联系。中国要建立与国际接轨的、能有效推动社会经济全面发展的、先进的票据法律制度就应当改变传统法律观念,摆脱陈旧的法律思维的束缚,向英美票据法的典范——美国的票据法律制度学习;要完善票据权利人类型划分规则就要先行修改现今的票据权利类型规则。在此基础上,应当明确票据权利人包括三个类型:完全票据权利人、占有票据但是不享有票据内容权利的人和丧失票据的占有但是根据票据法享有票据权利的人。
[Abstract]:The negotiable instrument Law of the people's Republic of China, which came into effect on January 1, 1996, has been criticized by many scholars for its shortcomings since it was promulgated. Among the numerous amendments, how to modify and perfect the system of bill owners is not suitable for the important legal status of this system in the whole system of negotiable instrument law. In the system of bill obligee, the classification rule of bill obligee is an indispensable part. In contrast, there are differences in the system construction and specific categories between the two countries in terms of the rules for the classification of bill holders in the Bill Law of China and the United States, which is the same as the development process of legislation on bills in the two countries. There is a close relationship between the legislative technique and the rules of the type of bill rights. If China wants to establish a legal system that is in line with international standards and can effectively promote the overall development of social economy, the advanced legal system on bills should change the traditional legal concepts and get rid of the shackles of outdated legal thinking. Learn from the model of Anglo-American Bill Law-the United States' legal system of bill; to perfect the rules of the classification of the right holders of bills, we must first modify the present rules of the types of bill rights. On this basis, it should be made clear that the obligee of bill includes three types: the person who holds the bill but does not have the right to the content of the bill, and the person who loses the possession of the bill but who has the right to the bill according to the law of instruments.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.287

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