论日本商标产品平行进口合法性判定的“三要件”规则

发布时间：2018-07-31 10:30

【摘要】：商标产品平行进口是指在某一特定产品的商标已获进口国法律保护,并且国外商标权利人已在该国自己或授权他人制造或销售的情况下,进口商未经授权擅自从境外进口并在本国销售该商标产品的行为。商标产品平行进口反映了错综复杂的利益关系:从国家对外交往层面来说,涉及进口国国家与出口国国家之间的利益关系;涉及维护本国企业与限制跨国企业之间的利益关系,对贸易保护主义的限制程度和对贸易自由主义的扩张势态会影响该国在国际关系国际社会的地位;从本国国内经济发展层面来看,涉及国内商标权利人、平行进口商、消费者等不同主体当事人之间的利益,对私人利益的鼓励和对公共利益的保护会直接影响不同当事人的直接效益。它融合了本国立法和双边多边条约;知识产权的理论和国际贸易的实践等综合性问题。与私人利益不同,平行进口的合法性问题还涉及到上游的国家政策、国家经济导向,国际贸易平衡,外交手段等相关问题,仅仅从法律的角度怕无法分析周全,而专业背景为国际贸易、国际经济的学者对该问题已做了详尽的数据分析可进行参考。综合学者的讨论,目前我国的大环境适于对平行进口持宽容态度。结合日本已经形成的成熟的平行进口合法性的判断方法/依据,本文通过对各要件进行深入研究和分析,提出除了从“权利穷竭、地域性”等知识产权原则性之外,在合法性的判断要件上,以日本的三要件为基础,结合我国的国情,对三要件原则之外做出例外规定:例如实质性差异例外、合同许可例外等。在司法实践中先行一步,由最高院出台司法解释,来确认商标产品平行进口的合法性,等时机成熟后,再进行立法补充。
[Abstract]:Parallel import of trademark products means that when the trademark of a particular product has been protected by the law of the importing country and the foreign trademark owner has manufactured or sold it in that country or authorized others, The importer's unauthorized import from abroad and the sale of the trademark product in his own country. The parallel import of trademark products reflects the complex interest relationship: from the aspect of the country's external relations, it involves the interest relationship between the importing country and the exporting country, and involves the maintenance of the interest relationship between the domestic enterprise and the restricted multinational enterprise. The extent of restrictions on trade protectionism and the expansion of trade liberalism will affect the country's position in the international community in international relations; in terms of domestic economic development, it involves domestic trademark rights holders, parallel importers, The interests of different parties such as consumers, the encouragement of private interests and the protection of public interests will directly affect the direct benefits of different parties. It combines national legislation with bilateral multilateral treaties, the theory of intellectual property and the practice of international trade. Unlike private interests, the legality of parallel imports also involves issues related to upstream national policies, national economic orientation, international trade balance, diplomatic means, and so on, which cannot be fully analyzed from a legal perspective alone. The professional background is international trade, and scholars of international economics have made detailed data analysis on this issue for reference. Comprehensive scholar's discussion, at present our country's big environment is suitable to hold the tolerant attitude to the parallel import. Combined with the mature judgment method / basis of the legitimacy of parallel import in Japan, this paper, through in-depth study and analysis of the various elements, puts forward that in addition to the principle of intellectual property rights, such as "exhaustion of rights, regionalism", etc. On the basis of the three elements of Japan and the national conditions of our country, this paper makes an exception to the principle of legality, such as the exception of substantial difference, the exception of contract permission, and so on. In judicial practice, the Supreme Court issued a judicial interpretation to confirm the legitimacy of parallel import of trademark products.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.295

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