论保险受益人的指定与适用范围——兼谈我国《保险法》关于受益人规则的完善

发布时间：2018-08-08 16:55

【摘要】：受益人介入商业保险活动,直接影响到保险合同之保障作用的适用效果和适用方向。因此,保险立法设计受益人制度的科学水平就关乎保险制度应有的社会功能是否得以发挥。分析我国《保险法》有关保险受益人的法律规则,因存在诸多法律疏漏而需要进行修改,达到完善受益人制度而适应中国保险市场的发展需要。为此,本文就保险受益人的指定和适用范围进行研究,发表个人看法。其中,关于保险受益人的指定问题,笔者认为,保险受益人的指定权惟有被保险人才能享有,这决定于保险合同的适用目标、法理基础和保险实务。而关于保险受益人的适用范围,笔者认为,应当将保险受益人制度的适用范围扩大到财产保险领域,用以适应保险实务的发展需要,理由是保险受益人的独立地位确定了其在财产保险中具有的独特作用;保险受益人基于被保险人的意愿获取的保险请求权,能够避免其参与财产保险过程中引发的道德危险。
[Abstract]:Beneficiary's intervention in commercial insurance directly affects the applicable effect and direction of insurance contract. Therefore, the scientific level of insurance legislation design beneficiary system is related to whether the social function of insurance system should be brought into play. In order to perfect the beneficiary system and adapt to the development of China's insurance market, it is necessary to modify the legal rules of insurance beneficiary in our country because of many legal omissions. Therefore, this paper makes a study on the designation and scope of insurance beneficiary. With regard to the designation of insurance beneficiaries, the author believes that the right to appoint insurance beneficiaries can only be enjoyed by insured persons, which is determined by the applicable objectives of the insurance contract, the legal basis and the insurance practice. As for the scope of application of insurance beneficiary, the author believes that the scope of application of insurance beneficiary system should be extended to the field of property insurance in order to meet the needs of the development of insurance practice. The reason is that the independent status of the insurance beneficiary determines its unique role in the property insurance; the insurance beneficiary can avoid the moral hazard caused by his participation in the property insurance process by obtaining the insurance claim based on the will of the insured.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院;
【分类号】：D922.284

【共引文献】