比特币法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 19:47

【摘要】：作为互联网金融中具有创新性的产物,比特币本身拥有独特的运行机制,具备去中心化、匿名性、开放性以及总量的有限性等特点。在给人们的生活带来新颖理念和极大冲击力的同时,由其本身的独特性又引发了诸多法律问题、带来了很大的挑战。本文的写作目的便在于探究比特币是什么,其法律属性应当如何认定,以及比特币在蓬勃发展的数年内,带来的诸多问题与挑战,并针对所体现出的问题和挑战,积极寻求规制比特币、应对其挑战的策略。第一部分,本文从比特币产生、交易支付以及在世界各国的发展情况等方面介绍比特币的基本情况,说明并阐述比特币匿名性、去中心化、有限性与可分割性以及开放性等特点。第二部分,本文对比了当前学界对于比特币货币属性的“货币说”及“非货币说”等主要观点,并通过货币本质、货币的职能以及与主权货币关系等方面论述,得出比特币当前并不适合作为货币的结论。第三部分,本文结合比特币自身特点可能引发的风险,发展至当前阶段所暴露出的问题,以及对现有体制造成的冲击,对比特币所引发的法律问题进行了阐述,总结出比特币带来的法律空白、法律救济困难、投机性过强导致的交易风险、使用比特币的洗钱和非法交易行为、交易平台准入门槛低和监管的不足、以及对现行货币体系带来的冲击等数个问题和风险。第四部分则是针对既存及可能出现的问题和挑战,尝试性地提出规制比特币、应对其挑战和风险的策略建议,具体包括:明确比特币的属性,认为依据五部委所发的《通知》,比特币不应作为货币流通,不是真正意义的货币,根据其自身特点可以认定为特殊的物,具备法律意义上财产的特征,可以依据现行法律进行规制和保障,并需完善法律规定,以保证比特币的相关法律问题适用;加强建设比特币的保障和救济体系,确保合法权益的保障途径;规范比特币交易平台、强化监管,建立交易制度及完善风险防控体系;进行比特币实名化的建设;加强国际交流与合作,共享比特币监控信息,以建立打击比特币犯罪、解决比特币纠纷的国际合作基础;完善统计制度,以保障国家对比特币在市场流动状态的监控等。
[Abstract]:As an innovative product of Internet finance, Bitcoin has its own unique operating mechanism, such as decentralization, anonymity, openness and finiteness of total amount. While bringing new ideas and great impact to people's life, its uniqueness has caused many legal problems and brought great challenges. The purpose of this paper is to explore what Bitcoin is, how its legal attributes should be determined, and the problems and challenges brought by Bitcoin in the years of vigorous development. Actively seek to regulate Bitcoin, to deal with its challenges strategy. In the first part, this paper introduces the basic situation of Bitcoin from the aspects of bitcoin generation, transaction payment and the development of Bitcoin in the world, and explains and expounds the anonymity of bitcoin and its decentralization. Finiteness, separability and openness. In the second part, this paper compares the current academic views on Bitcoin's monetary attribute, such as "currency theory" and "non-monetary theory", and discusses the nature of money, the function of currency and the relationship with sovereign currency, etc. Come to the conclusion that Bitcoin is not a currency at the moment. In the third part, according to the risks caused by the characteristics of Bitcoin, the problems exposed in the current stage, and the impact on the existing system, the legal problems caused by Bitcoin are expounded. Summing up the legal gaps brought about by Bitcoin, the difficulties of legal relief, the trading risks caused by speculative excesses, money laundering and illegal transactions using Bitcoin, the low barriers to entry and inadequate supervision of trading platforms, And the impact on the current monetary system and other issues and risks. In the fourth part, aiming at the existing and possible problems and challenges, the author tries to put forward some strategic suggestions to regulate Bitcoin and deal with its challenges and risks, including: defining the nature of Bitcoin. Considering that according to the circular issued by the five ministries, Bitcoin should not be used as currency in circulation and is not a currency of real significance. According to its own characteristics, it can be recognized as a special object with the characteristics of property in the legal sense. It can be regulated and guaranteed according to the current law, and it needs to perfect the legal provisions to ensure the application of the relevant legal problems of Bitcoin, to strengthen the protection and relief system of Bitcoin, and to ensure the safeguard of legitimate rights and interests. Standardizing Bitcoin trading platforms, strengthening supervision, establishing trading systems and perfecting risk prevention and control systems; carrying out bitcoin real-name construction; strengthening international exchanges and cooperation, sharing bitcoin monitoring information, in order to establish a crackdown on bitcoin crime, The basis of international cooperation in resolving bitcoin disputes and the improvement of statistical system in order to ensure the state monitoring of Bitcoin flow in the market.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28

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