论我国缺陷产品召回制度的完善

发布时间：2018-08-30 19:56

【摘要】：缺陷产品召回制度在美国首先建立,它是法制逐渐成熟的一个重要特征,具有公、私两法的双重属性。我国自从2004年建立缺陷产品召回制度以来,相继出台了一系列配套的法律文件,产品召回制度经历了从部门规章到法律法规,从特别产品到普通产品的发展进程,制度体系逐渐完善。尤其是针对汽车产品、消费品的召回管理办法的出台,使产品召回的数量和次数大幅提升。但是在实践中仍暴露出许多问题,尤其是中国消费者在外国企业全球召回时遭遇不公平对待的事件频发,说明我国的产品召回制度还有许多不足,亟待进一步在法律上加以完善。为了能更好地保护我国消费者的人身和财产安全,本文试图以产品召回制度为研究对象。首先,对该制度的理论基础、与“三包”制度的关系以及它的独特功能进行分析,指出其在保障消费者人身和财产安全上具有不可替代性;然后,对该制度在我国存在的法律问题进行研究,分析其在法律体系、法律责任、监管体制等方面的不足之处;再次,对该制度在美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等国家和地区的监管主体、法律体系、法律责任进行比较研究,探讨其对我国的启示;最后,基于该制度在我国的现状,力图通过借鉴先进立法和实践经验,对完善我国产品召回制度提出一些建议,具体包括制定《缺陷产品召回法》和完善产品召回的相关管理办法来完善产品召回法律体系,将不合理危险作为判定产品缺陷的唯一标准,引入惩罚性赔偿机制和规范召回主体的刑事责任来完善产品召回制度的法律责任,优化产品召回的监管部门和加强对主动召回的监管来完善我国产品召回的监管体制。
[Abstract]:The recall system of defective products was first established in the United States. It is an important feature of the gradual maturity of the legal system and has the dual attributes of public and private laws. Since the establishment of the defective product recall system in China in 2004, a series of supporting legal documents have been issued one after another. The product recall system has experienced the development process from department regulations to laws and regulations, from special products to ordinary products. The system is gradually improving. Especially for automotive products, consumer goods recall management measures, the number and number of product recalls greatly increased. However, there are still many problems exposed in practice, especially the frequent occurrence of unfair treatment of Chinese consumers in the global recall of foreign enterprises, indicating that China's product recall system still has many shortcomings. Need to be further improved in the law. In order to better protect the personal and property safety of Chinese consumers, this paper attempts to take the product recall system as the research object. First of all, the theoretical basis of the system, the relationship between the system and the "three guarantees" system and its unique functions are analyzed, and it is pointed out that it is irreplaceable in safeguarding the personal and property safety of consumers. To study the legal problems of the system in our country, analyze its deficiencies in the legal system, legal liability, regulatory system, etc. Thirdly, the system in the United States, the European Union, Australia and other countries and regions of the regulatory body, Finally, based on the current situation of the system in our country, the author tries to put forward some suggestions to perfect the product recall system through drawing lessons from the advanced legislation and practical experience. It includes formulating the defective Product recall Law and perfecting the relevant management methods of product recall to perfect the legal system of product recall, taking unreasonable hazard as the sole criterion for judging product defect. In order to perfect the supervision system of product recall, the punitive damages mechanism and the criminal liability of the subject of recall should be introduced to perfect the legal responsibility of the product recall system, to optimize the supervision department of product recall and to strengthen the supervision of active recall.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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