互联网行业经营者集中反垄断规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 14:19

【摘要】：随着我国新经济的迅猛发展,特别是作为新兴产业的互联网行业发展势头尤为迅速,互联网企业开始走向了集中并购的发展道路,行业中的并购业务及交易非常活跃,企业通过开展集中并购实现资本运作并参与市场竞争。互联网行业的并购规模之大,使其有望持续成为产业并购市场的重要组成部分。而互联网行业又具有一些不同于传统行业的特征,如网络效应、双边市场特性、锁定效应等特征,这使得互联网行业的经营者集中有跳脱出传统行业经营者框架的特性。因此通过对互联网行业的探讨为反垄断法在互联网行业适用问题的解决提供一些思路和解决办法。本文综合运用不同分析方法,如实证分析法、交叉分析法和比较分析法,将我国互联网行业市场上经营者集中的现状进行梳理并结合并购理论,以及互联网行业市场特性与经营者集中的市场竞争效果进行综合分析。首先,介绍了企业集中并购的动因以及企业进行经营者集中对市场竞争造成的影响,并简要梳理了规制经营者集中的基础理论。通过梳理我们会发现反垄断实践和经济理论分析的联系日益密切。反垄断政策更具有社会性,反映了经济发展、政策取向等因素。其次,通过简述我国互联网行业的竞争及集中状况,并与境外互联网企业的并购行为相对比,我国互联网企业并购的动机往往出于短时间提高竞争力、扩大规模,试图加强市场控制力以保持竞争优势。而境外互联网企业的收购几乎全部集中在与核心业务相关的布局上。再次,介绍互联网行业特性(如网络效应、双边市场特性、锁定效应及大数据)及我国互联网行业独有的特性(如免费性与需求价格弹性、产品同质性及多平台跨界竞争)。互联网行业的垄断存在特殊性,具有动态垄断地位及双边市场的市场支配力等特性。并通过经济分析法分析不同类型的互联网行业经营者集中的市场竞争效果。随后,基于我国现行的《反垄断法》经营者集中框架分析滴滴收购优步中国案件,从滴滴收购案符合经营者集中的申报标准,网约车的相关市场界定,滴滴收购案的竞争效果分析,滴滴收购优步中国可能会导致相关市场产生重大影响的变动,反垄断机构有必要对这起收购案附加一定的限制。最后,本文提出了互联网行业经营者集中的反垄断规制的建议,如提出对“先发制人的集中(Pre-emptive Merger)”进行适度的审查和监管,在经营者集中申报标准中增加交易额条款,将大数据纳入经营者集中竞争效果评估标准等,以期更好地规制互联网行业经营者集中的行为。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's new economy, especially the rapid development of the Internet industry as a new industry, Internet enterprises began to move towards the development of centralized mergers and acquisitions, the M & A business and transactions in the industry is very active. Enterprises through centralized mergers and acquisitions to achieve capital operation and participate in market competition. The M & A scale of the Internet industry is expected to continue to be an important part of the M & A market. However, the Internet industry has some characteristics different from the traditional industries, such as network effect, bilateral market characteristics, locking effect and so on, which makes the operators of the Internet industry have the characteristics of jumping out of the traditional industry operator framework. Therefore, through the discussion of the Internet industry, it provides some ideas and solutions for the application of anti-monopoly law in the Internet industry. This paper makes use of different analytical methods, such as empirical analysis, cross-analysis and comparative analysis, to sort out the current situation of the concentration of operators in China's Internet industry market and combine the M & A theory. And the market characteristics of the Internet industry and the market competition effect of the concentration of operators to conduct a comprehensive analysis. First of all, it introduces the motivation of centralized M & A and the influence on market competition caused by concentration of managers, and briefly combs the basic theory of regulating concentration of managers. Through combing, we will find that antitrust practice and economic theory analysis are increasingly closely linked. Anti-monopoly policy is more social, reflecting economic development, policy orientation and other factors. Secondly, by briefly describing the competition and concentration of China's Internet industry, and comparing with the M & A behavior of overseas Internet enterprises, the motivation of China's Internet M & A is often to improve its competitiveness and expand its scale in a short period of time. Try to strengthen market control to maintain competitive advantage. The acquisition of foreign Internet companies almost all concentrated in the core business related to the layout. Thirdly, the characteristics of Internet industry (such as network effect, bilateral market characteristics, locking effect and big data) and the unique characteristics of China's Internet industry (such as free and price elasticity of demand, product homogeneity and multi-platform cross-border competition) are introduced. The monopoly of Internet industry has its own characteristics, such as dynamic monopoly status and market power of bilateral market. And through the economic analysis of different types of Internet industry operators concentrated market competition effect. Subsequently, based on the framework of concentration of operators in China's current "Anti-monopoly Law", this paper analyzes Didi's acquisition of Uber in China. The case of Didi's acquisition conforms to the criteria for reporting the concentration of operators, and defines the relevant market of net-chartered cars. Didi's acquisition of Uber in China could lead to significant changes in the relevant markets, and antitrust agencies need to impose certain restrictions on the acquisition, according to the analysis of the competitive effect of Didi's acquisition. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on anti-monopoly regulation of concentration of operators in the Internet industry, such as proper examination and supervision of "pre-emptive concentration (Pre-emptive Merger)", and the addition of transaction amount clause in the standard of centralized reporting of operators. Big data should be brought into the evaluation standard of centralized competition effect of operator in order to better regulate the behavior of operator concentration in Internet industry.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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