保险法上的禁止反言制度研究
发布时间：2018-10-14 19:31
【摘要】：禁止反言制度源于英美法系中衡平法上的一种制度,其充分体现了衡平法追求公平正义的法治理念。具体而言,禁止反言制度旨在维护投保人或者被保险人的利益,限制保险人的不当抗辩权,达到保险法律关系中双方当事人法律地位的平等,追求公平正义的法治理念。禁止反言制度由于其自身具有的灵活性和可操作性,为不少国家立法所确认,并对此作了比较详细的规定。在我国,2009年新修订的《保险法》虽然引入了禁止反言制度,但规定过于原则、简单,使得保险实践难以具体操作。鉴此,如何完善保险禁止反言制度,就成为值得研究的一项重要课题。研究保险禁止反言制度,首先必须界定保险禁止反言的内涵及其确立的意义。所谓保险禁止反言制度,是指保险人或其保险代理人在与投保人或者被保险人签订保险合同时,已经知道或者应当知道投保人或者被保险人,未如实告知其有关保险单中规定或约定的真实情况的,且此情况可能会导致保险合同无效、失效或者可解除,保险人不顾此情况仍与投保人签订保险合同,合同成立后,保险人不得解除合同；发生保险事故后,保险人以保险合同存在无效、失效或可解除进行抗辩的,法律禁止其反言；要求保险人按照保险合同中的规定或者约定,承担赔偿保险责任或者赔偿保险金的责任。在功能上,禁止反言制度与弃权制度、缔约过失责任制度以及失权制度有一定的相似性,但它们之间也存在差异。确立保险禁止反言制度,其意义在于维护投保人之信赖利益以及矫正保险合同当事人权利义务的失衡,实现公平正义之法治理念。在我国,现行保险法虽然就禁止反言作了一些规定,但存在规定过于简单等问题,如对禁止反言适用的要件等未作规定,使得保险实践难以具体操作。鉴此,未来在修改保险法时,在借鉴国外立法经验的基础上,明确规定保险禁止反言制度适用的要件、情形以及适用后产生的法律效果等,使得我国保险禁止反言制度的规定更加完善。
[Abstract]:Estoppel system originates from a system of equity in Anglo-American law system, which fully embodies the legal concept of equity in pursuit of fairness and justice. Specifically, the system of estoppel aims to safeguard the interests of the insured or the insured, limit the insurer's right of improper defense, achieve the equality of the legal status of both parties in the legal relationship of insurance, and pursue the legal concept of fairness and justice. Because of its flexibility and maneuverability, the estoppel system has been confirmed by many national legislations and has been stipulated in detail. In our country, although the new revised Insurance Law of 2009 introduced the prohibition counterstatement system, the regulation is too principled and simple, which makes the practice of insurance difficult to operate. Therefore, how to perfect the estoppel system of insurance becomes an important subject worth studying. To study the system of estoppel in insurance, we must first define the connotation of estoppel and the significance of its establishment. The so-called system of estoppel of insurance means that the insurer or its insurance agent, when signing an insurance contract with the applicant or the insured, knows or should know the applicant or the insured, If he fails to truthfully inform him of the true circumstances stipulated or agreed upon in the relevant insurance policy, and this situation may lead to the invalidation, invalidation or rescission of the insurance contract, the insurer shall, in disregard of such circumstances, sign an insurance contract with the policyholder, after the contract has been established, The insurer shall not terminate the contract; if, after an insurance accident, the insurer defends the existence of an invalid, invalid or rescinded insurance contract, the counterstatement shall be prohibited by law; and the insurer shall be required to comply with the provisions or agreement in the insurance contract, Liability for indemnification or compensation for insurance benefits. In function, the system of estoppel and abstaining, the system of fault liability and the system of loss of power have some similarities, but there are also differences between them. The significance of establishing the system of estoppel in insurance is to maintain the trust interests of policy holders, to correct the imbalance of the rights and obligations of the parties to insurance contracts, and to realize the concept of rule of law of fairness and justice. In our country, although the current insurance law has made some provisions on estoppel, there are some problems such as too simple stipulation, such as not providing for the application of estoppel, which makes it difficult for insurance practice to operate concretely. In view of this, when amending the insurance law in the future, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign legislative experience, it clearly stipulates the requirements for the application of the prohibition of insurance estoppel system, the circumstances and the legal effects that will result from the application, etc. Make our country insurance forbids countervailing the regulation of the system more perfect.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284
本文编号：2271425
[Abstract]:Estoppel system originates from a system of equity in Anglo-American law system, which fully embodies the legal concept of equity in pursuit of fairness and justice. Specifically, the system of estoppel aims to safeguard the interests of the insured or the insured, limit the insurer's right of improper defense, achieve the equality of the legal status of both parties in the legal relationship of insurance, and pursue the legal concept of fairness and justice. Because of its flexibility and maneuverability, the estoppel system has been confirmed by many national legislations and has been stipulated in detail. In our country, although the new revised Insurance Law of 2009 introduced the prohibition counterstatement system, the regulation is too principled and simple, which makes the practice of insurance difficult to operate. Therefore, how to perfect the estoppel system of insurance becomes an important subject worth studying. To study the system of estoppel in insurance, we must first define the connotation of estoppel and the significance of its establishment. The so-called system of estoppel of insurance means that the insurer or its insurance agent, when signing an insurance contract with the applicant or the insured, knows or should know the applicant or the insured, If he fails to truthfully inform him of the true circumstances stipulated or agreed upon in the relevant insurance policy, and this situation may lead to the invalidation, invalidation or rescission of the insurance contract, the insurer shall, in disregard of such circumstances, sign an insurance contract with the policyholder, after the contract has been established, The insurer shall not terminate the contract; if, after an insurance accident, the insurer defends the existence of an invalid, invalid or rescinded insurance contract, the counterstatement shall be prohibited by law; and the insurer shall be required to comply with the provisions or agreement in the insurance contract, Liability for indemnification or compensation for insurance benefits. In function, the system of estoppel and abstaining, the system of fault liability and the system of loss of power have some similarities, but there are also differences between them. The significance of establishing the system of estoppel in insurance is to maintain the trust interests of policy holders, to correct the imbalance of the rights and obligations of the parties to insurance contracts, and to realize the concept of rule of law of fairness and justice. In our country, although the current insurance law has made some provisions on estoppel, there are some problems such as too simple stipulation, such as not providing for the application of estoppel, which makes it difficult for insurance practice to operate concretely. In view of this, when amending the insurance law in the future, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign legislative experience, it clearly stipulates the requirements for the application of the prohibition of insurance estoppel system, the circumstances and the legal effects that will result from the application, etc. Make our country insurance forbids countervailing the regulation of the system more perfect.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284
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