仅有转账凭证的民间借贷诉讼举证规则——对民间借贷司法解释第17条的分析

发布时间：2018-10-23 19:40

【摘要】：《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》第17条是专门针对原告仅提供金融机构转帐凭证、不能提供借款合意证据的情形下如何分配举证责任的规定,是一个对解决借贷事实认定困难具有重要意义的证据规则。基于该条规定,对仅有转账凭证的民间借贷诉讼举证规则是,原告仅提供金融机构的转帐凭证作为初步证据,被告没有提出该转帐系还款或基于其他法律关系的抗辩或者虽然提出上述抗辩但未提交任何证据时,法院可以推定借贷关系成立;在被告提出该转帐系还款或基于其他法律关系的抗辩后,被告对自己的抗辩事实主张需要证明至"合理可能"或"表面可信"程度方可抵消该推定效力。该条隐含着基于转账凭证推定借贷合意存在的推定规则,该推定规则属于"举证责任转移"规范,而非"证明责任倒置"规范。
[Abstract]:The provisions of the Supreme people's Court on certain issues concerning the Application of the Law in handling Private loan cases Article 17 is a provision on how to distribute the burden of proof when the plaintiff only provides evidence of transfer of funds from financial institutions and cannot provide evidence of agreement on the loan. It is an important rule of evidence to solve the difficulty of finding out the fact of borrowing. Based on the provisions of this article, the rule of proof for private lending litigation with only transfer vouchers is that the plaintiff only provides the transfer vouchers of financial institutions as prima facie evidence. If the defendant did not raise a plea that the transfer was a repayment or a defence based on other legal relationships, or that the said plea was raised but no evidence was submitted, the court may presume that the debit and credit relationship is established; After the defendant raises a plea that the transfer is repayable or based on other legal relationships, the defendant's claim to the fact of his defence needs to be proved to be "reasonably probable" or "prima facie" to counteract the presumption. This article implies the presumption rule which is based on the transfer voucher to infer the existence of the credit agreement. The presumption rule belongs to the norm of "transfer of burden of proof", but not the norm of "inversion of burden of proof".
【作者单位】：上海政法学院;
【分类号】：D922.282

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