跨境破产管辖权冲突研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 21:51

【摘要】：跨境破产是破产实务中的一大难题,也是国际学术界广为探讨的话题。国际上暂无统一适用的跨境破产法律框架,导致实践中操作问题层出不穷,其中管辖权冲突问题就是跨境破产领域的基本问题。我国跨境破产立法工作起步晚,后期发展也较为迟缓,其中大部分问题的法律规定还处于空白阶段,而且现有法规主要集中于跨境破产法律适用及域外效力等方面,理论研究成果也少有针对管辖权方面的系统研究。本文拟对跨境破产管辖权冲突问题进行深入研究,通过对比国际上的现有立法来探讨跨境破产管辖权冲突的协调方式,并结合我国立法现状给出建议。本文首先对跨境破产管辖权冲突的基本问题进行概述,通过介绍跨境破产管辖权的定义及特点来说明其在跨境破产中的重要性及特殊性,通过分析跨境破产管辖权的法律渊源及确立标准来说明其复杂性,同时引出本文的研究主题——跨境破产管辖权冲突。笔者认为,跨境破产管辖权冲突之成因为各国家或地区采取不同的管辖权确立标准,同时又竞相争夺或过分避让。但不论管辖权积极冲突或消极冲突现在有多激烈,随着国际商贸的发展及经济全球化浪潮的迅速推进,各国均在不断调整对于涉外民商事案件的态度,逐渐从管辖权扩张向管辖权适当自我限制发展。其次,本文结合具体案例,重点分析了跨境破产管辖权冲突的解决。笔者认为,先受理法院管辖、禁诉令、不方便法院、协议管辖等冲突解决方式在跨境破产实务操作中利弊共存,须视情况以适用。鉴于国外关于管辖权冲突已有成熟且先进的解决经验,笔者着重研究了美国、欧盟及联合国贸法会相关立法中的管辖权冲突协调模式,以此为后述研究国内立法的完善做铺垫。再次,本文介绍了我国在跨境破产管辖权冲突领域几乎空白的立法现状,并通过我国曾参与的破产案例来表明我国法律上的缺漏及滞后的立法发展在实践中造成的不利影响,最终在前文的铺垫下,结合实践操作,通过深入分析给出相关立法的完善建议。笔者认为我国当前需要明确跨境破产管辖权的确立标准,采取合理的管辖权协调模式,同时积极参与国际立法、加强国家或地区之间的协调沟通,基于当前国情来完善跨境破产管辖权领域的法规,弥补该领域的立法空白。在文章的最后,笔者再次强调管辖权问题是跨境破产领域的重点,是程序推进的基本保障。各国应当在完善自身法律规范的同时加强协调合作,我国也应重视跨境破产管辖权冲突问题,在吸取国外优秀立法经验的同时,结合自身基本国情以健全当前法律制度,以便跟上国际发展的潮流,更深度的参与国际贸易。
[Abstract]:Cross-border bankruptcy is a difficult problem in bankruptcy practice, and it is also a widely discussed topic in international academic circles. There is no uniform legal framework for cross-border bankruptcy in the world, which leads to the emergence of operational problems in practice, among which the conflict of jurisdiction is the basic problem in the field of cross-border bankruptcy. The legislation on cross-border bankruptcy in our country started late and developed slowly in the later period. Most of the legal provisions are still in the blank stage, and the existing laws and regulations mainly focus on the application of cross-border bankruptcy law and its extraterritorial effect. There are few systematic researches on jurisdiction. In this paper, the conflict of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction is studied in depth, the coordination mode of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction conflict is discussed by comparing the existing international legislation, and some suggestions are given according to the current situation of China's legislation. This paper first summarizes the basic problems of the conflict of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction, and explains the importance and particularity of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction by introducing the definition and characteristics of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction. This paper explains the complexity of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction by analyzing its legal origin and establishing standard. At the same time, it leads to the research topic of this paper, the conflict of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction. The author thinks that the conflict of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction is due to different countries or regions adopting different standards of jurisdiction, at the same time competing for or avoiding too much. However, no matter how fierce the positive or negative conflicts of jurisdiction are now, with the development of international commerce and trade and the rapid development of economic globalization, all countries are constantly adjusting their attitudes towards foreign-related civil and commercial cases. Gradually from the expansion of jurisdiction to appropriate self-limitation of jurisdiction. Secondly, combined with specific cases, this paper focuses on the resolution of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction conflict. The author thinks that the advantages and disadvantages of accepting the court jurisdiction, the injunction, the inconvenient court and the agreement jurisdiction in the cross-border bankruptcy practice must be applied according to the situation. In view of the mature and advanced experience in resolving jurisdiction conflicts abroad, the author focuses on the coordination mode of jurisdiction conflicts in the relevant legislation of the United States, the European Union and the United International Trade Law Association, so as to pave the way for the later research on the perfection of domestic legislation. Thirdly, this paper introduces the current situation of legislation in the field of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction conflict in China, and through the bankruptcy cases we have participated in to show the legal gaps and lagging legislative development in practice caused by the adverse impact. Finally, under the foreshadowing of the previous article, combined with practical operation, through in-depth analysis of the relevant legislative recommendations. The author thinks that our country needs to make clear the establishment standard of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction, adopt reasonable jurisdiction coordination mode, actively participate in international legislation, and strengthen the coordination and communication between countries or regions at the same time. Based on the current situation to improve the field of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction laws and regulations, to fill the legislative gaps in this area. At the end of the paper, the author emphasizes again that jurisdiction is the key point in the field of cross-border bankruptcy and the basic guarantee of proceeding. All countries should strengthen coordination and cooperation while perfecting their own legal norms. China should also attach importance to the conflict of cross-border bankruptcy jurisdiction, while absorbing foreign excellent legislative experience and combining its basic national conditions in order to perfect the current legal system. In order to keep up with the trend of international development, more in-depth participation in international trade.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.92

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