造船厂破产时造船合同的处理问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-26 12:50

【摘要】：由于全球性金融危机的影响,导致造船厂订单量下降,越来越多的造船厂面临破产倒闭的危机。当造船厂破产时,其所面临的纠纷中最主要的是造船厂与船东之间未履行完毕的造船合同的处理问题。目前,学界虽然有对破产程序中待履行合同处理规则的研究,但对造船厂破产时造船合同这一特殊待履行合同如何处理的研究较少,且我国国内的造船合同也极少有专门条款对这一问题进行约定。因此,笔者认为有必要对该问题进行系统性的研究,以期对理论和实践有所助益。本文通过运用实证分析和比较分析的研究方法,从我国立法和司法实践的角度出发,对造船厂破产时造船合同的处理问题进行研究。除引言与结论外,正文共含四章内容。第一章为我国造船厂破产时造船合同的处理原则与选择权,主要分析了我国造船厂破产时造船合同的处理原则,包括债权人整体利益的最大化、价值平衡和效率三部分;同时还研究了我国造船厂破产时处理造船合同的选择权,得出选择权具有实体性、法定性和复合性,其行使主体为破产管理人,行使期限为破产程序受理后的两个月内或是经催告后的30日内,方式包括选择继续履行和解除造船合同。第二章为我国破产法下处理造船合同的选择权行使方式,主要对继续履行和解除造船合同部分进行了深度探讨。对于继续履行造船合同的选择权,其受到破产管理人需向债权人委员会、人民法院或债权人会议报告以及造船厂需提供担保的条件限制,并对其法律效力进行界定,同时着重研究了船东的任意解除权,得出当造船合同被认定为加工承揽合同时,船东具有任意解除权,并且该权利可以对抗破产管理人决定继续履行造船合同的选择权;对于解除造船合同的选择权,分别对造船厂拥有在建船舶所有权和船东拥有在建船舶所有权情况下解除造船合同的法律效力进行研究。第三章为外国破产法下处理造船合同的选择权行使方式,包括日本、英国、德国和美国的破产法相关规定,重点对美国《破产法》所规定的拒绝履行和转让造船合同的选择权进行探讨,以期对我国破产立法完善有所帮助。第四章为我国破产法中相关规定的不足及完善建议,包括明确待履行合同选择权的行使标准、对解除待履行合同的选择权加以限制、确立包括造船合同在内的特殊待履行合同的处理规则、引入转让和拒绝履行待履行合同制度。
[Abstract]:Due to the impact of the global financial crisis, shipyard orders have fallen, and more shipyards are facing the crisis of bankruptcy. When the shipyard goes bankrupt, the most important dispute it faces is the disposal of the unfulfilled shipbuilding contract between the shipyard and the shipowner. At present, although scholars have studied the rules of pending contract treatment in bankruptcy proceedings, there is little research on how to deal with shipbuilding contract, a special pending contract, when shipyard goes bankrupt. And the shipbuilding contract of our country also rarely has the special clause to carry on the agreement to this question. Therefore, the author thinks that it is necessary to carry on systematic research to this question, in order to be helpful to theory and practice. In this paper, by means of empirical analysis and comparative analysis, from the point of view of legislation and judicial practice of our country, this paper studies how to deal with shipbuilding contract when shipyard goes bankrupt. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the text contains four chapters. The first chapter is the treatment principle and option of shipbuilding contract when shipyard goes bankrupt in our country. It mainly analyzes the treatment principle of shipbuilding contract when shipyard goes bankrupt, which includes three parts: maximization of creditor's whole benefit, balance of value and efficiency. At the same time, it studies the option to deal with the shipbuilding contract when the shipyard goes bankrupt in our country, and draws the conclusion that the option has the nature of entity, legality and compounding, and its main body of exercise is the bankruptcy administrator. The period of exercise shall be within two months after the acceptance of the bankruptcy proceedings or within 30 days after the prompt notification, including the option to continue to perform and terminate the shipbuilding contract. The second chapter is the way to exercise the option to deal with the shipbuilding contract under the bankruptcy law of our country. It mainly discusses the part of continuing to perform and rescinding the shipbuilding contract. The option to continue to perform a shipbuilding contract is subject to the conditions under which the insolvency administrator is required to report to the creditors' committee, the people's court or the creditors' meeting, and the shipyard to provide security, and to define its legal effect. At the same time, the author emphatically studies the owner's right of arbitrary discharge, and concludes that when the shipbuilding contract is recognized as a processing contract, the shipowner has the right of free discharge, and this right can counteract the bankruptcy administrator's option to continue to perform the shipbuilding contract. With regard to the option to terminate the shipbuilding contract, the legal effect of cancelling the shipbuilding contract under the condition that the shipyard has the ownership of the ship under construction and the shipowner has the ownership of the ship under construction is studied respectively. Chapter III deals with the exercise of the right of option to deal with shipbuilding contracts under foreign bankruptcy laws, including the relevant provisions of the bankruptcy laws of Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. This paper mainly discusses the option of refusing to perform and transfer shipbuilding contract stipulated in the bankruptcy Law of the United States in order to be helpful to the perfection of bankruptcy legislation in our country. The fourth chapter is about the deficiencies of the relevant provisions in the bankruptcy law of our country and the suggestions to improve them, including defining the criteria for the exercise of the right of option to be performed, and restricting the right of option to terminate the contract to be performed. The special pending contract including shipbuilding contract should be dealt with, and the system of assignment and refusal to perform the contract should be introduced.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.92

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