中国自贸区国家立法问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-29 16:44

【摘要】：《总体方案》作为自贸区建设指导性规范文件不可掩盖其法律位阶定性不清的事实,其成为自贸区国家层面法规依然缺乏足够的法律依据和法理支撑,我国自贸区国家立法至今依然缺失。应当及时出台《中国自贸区法》作为法律代替各地自贸区《总体方案》,充分发挥国家立法引领规划、统筹协调自贸区建设的功能和作用,以为我国自贸区战略顺利发展提供最为专业有效、稳定可靠的顶层法治保障。同时,借助国家立法合理限定各自贸区所在地权力机构与政府的立法权限和管理职能,最大限度避免自贸区地方性政策相互攀比和立法竞争等不利情形的发生,进一步增强自贸区设立、运行、变更、撤销制度透明度,防止自贸区立法权限过度分散,有效维护我国现行法律体制整体健康稳定。基于美国对外贸易区与我国自贸区同属FTZ,在性质与功能上具有相似性,同样遵循FTZ建设发展的一般规律和共性,通过与美国对外贸易区成熟的国家立法经验比较分析,探究我国自贸区国家立法依旧存在的现实问题与不足;并结合本国国情,持续完善现行自贸区法律制度,以为将来制定出台《中国自贸区法》奠定更为有利的理论基础和规范渊源。
[Abstract]:As a guiding standard document for the construction of the Free Trade area, the "General Plan" cannot cover up the fact that its legal rank is not clear, and it still lacks sufficient legal basis and legal support to become a national level law of the free trade area. China's free trade zone national legislation is still missing. The Law on Free Trade zones of China should be promulgated as a law to replace the overall plan of the free trade zones in various localities, and the functions and functions of the construction of the free trade zones should be fully brought into full play by the national legislation leading the planning and overall coordination of the construction of the free trade zones. It provides the most professional, effective, stable and reliable top level legal guarantee for the smooth development of China's free trade zone strategy. At the same time, with the help of national legislation, we can reasonably limit the legislative competence and management functions of the local authorities and the government in their respective trading areas, so as to avoid to the greatest extent the occurrence of adverse situations such as the local policies of the free trade areas being compared with each other and legislative competition. We should further strengthen the transparency of the establishment, operation, change and revocation of the free trade zone, prevent excessive decentralization of the legislative authority of the free trade zone, and effectively maintain the overall health and stability of the current legal system of our country. On the basis of the similarity in nature and function between the foreign trade zones of the United States and the FTZ, of China, and following the general laws and commonalities of the development of FTZ construction, this paper makes a comparative analysis with the national legislative experience of the mature foreign trade zones of the United States. To explore the current problems and deficiencies in the national legislation of China's Free Trade area; Combined with the national conditions, the current free trade zone legal system is continuously improved to lay a more favorable theoretical foundation and normative origin for the formulation and promulgation of China Free Trade Zone Law in the future.
【作者单位】：中山大学自贸区综合研究院;
【分类号】：D922.295

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