责任保险中保险人的参与权研究

发布时间：2019-01-06 19:35

【摘要】：我国台湾地区“保险法”第93条规定：“保险人得约定被保险人对于第三人就其责任所为之承认、和解或赔偿，未经其参与者，不受拘束。但经要保人或被保险人通知保险人参与而无正当理由拒绝或借故迟延者，不在此限”。该条款规定了责任保险中保险人的参与权，因而在台湾地区保险实务中，责任保险人行使参与权有法可依，能够更好地维持保险人、被保险人以及受害第三者三者之间的利益平衡，从而更好地促进保险事业的发展。目前我国《保险法》没有参与权的规定，责任保险人参与权只约定在相关保险公司的责任保险条款之中。本文主要采用比较研究及价值分析等研究方法。第一部分主要阐明了责任保险人参与权的概念、性质以及功能。责任保险是指被保险人依法应向受害第三者负赔偿责任时，经受害第三者请求，保险人依照保险合同向受害第三者承担赔偿责任的保险。对于参与权的性质，学界有两种观点，一种认为参与权是保险人的权利，另一种认为参与权是保险人必须履行的义务。本文对这两种观点进行了深入分析，通过上述内容的分析，使我们更加深入地了解了责任保险人参与权的内涵。第二部分分析了责任保险人参与权的行使问题，主要包括保险人行使参与权的理论前提与后果承担、未行使参与权的后果承担、行使参与权的注意义务以及参与权行使不当造成的损害赔偿责任。我国《保险法》规定保险人于受害第三者请求损害赔偿时，尚未产生保险责任，只有等到被保险人已对受害第三者履行其赔偿责任时，保险责任才算产生。我们认为，被保险人确实因过失行为致使受害第三者遭受损失，同时，受害第三者向被保险人行使损害赔偿请求权，当两个条件同时符合时，保险责任才算真正产生，保险人才可以行使参与权。保险人参与权的行使分为参与和不参与，而其中参与也包括两种，即行使参与权并同意和解或赔偿协议与行使参与权但不同意和解或赔偿协议。未行使参与权同样包括两类，分为被通知而未参与以及未被通知而未参与。通过对以上几种情形的分析，使我们能够更加理解责任保险人参与权的行使过程以及相关注意问题。既然责任保险人积极行使参与权，，那么，必然会有参与权行使不当以及造成损害赔偿责任发生的可能性，此时该如何处置呢？所以，本文也详细论述了责任保险人在行使参与权过程中的注意义务与参与权行使不当而应当承担的损害赔偿责任。第三部分主要分析了责任保险人参与权在我国《保险法》上的完善建议，希望本文能对我国保险立法的完善与保险实务的发展有所帮助。相关建议如下：一，新增责任保险人享有参与权的规定；二，确立被保险人的及时通知义务；三，新增关于责任保险人行使参与权的例外规定；四，新增关于责任保险人行使参与权时持反对意见时的规定。
[Abstract]:Article 93 of "Insurance Law" of Taiwan region of China stipulates: "the insurer may agree that the insured shall not be bound to acknowledge, reconcile or compensate for the liability of the third party without its participants." Unless the applicant or the insured notifies the insurer of its participation and refuses or delays without reasonable reason. " This clause stipulates the participation right of the insurer in the liability insurance, so in the insurance practice in Taiwan, the liability insurer exercises the right to participate in accordance with the law and can better maintain the insurer. The balance of interests between insured and third-party victims, thus promoting the development of insurance business. At present, there is no right to participate in the Insurance Law of our country, and the participation right of the liability insurer is only stipulated in the liability insurance clause of the relevant insurance company. This article mainly adopts the comparative research and the value analysis and so on research method. The first part mainly expounds the concept, nature and function of the participation right of the liability insurer. Liability insurance is the insurance that the insured should bear the compensation liability to the injured third party according to the insurance contract when the insured should bear the compensation liability to the injured third party according to the insurance contract. There are two views on the nature of the right of participation, one is that the right of participation is the right of the insurer, the other is that the right of participation is the obligation that the insurer must perform. Through the above analysis, we can get a deeper understanding of the connotation of the participation right of the liability insurer. The second part analyzes the exercise of the participation right of the liability insurer, mainly including the theoretical premise and consequences of the insurer to exercise the participation right, and the consequences of the non-exercise of the participation right. The duty of care to exercise the right of participation and the liability for damages caused by improper exercise of the right of participation. The Insurance Law of our country stipulates that the insurer does not have the insurance liability when the injured third party claims for damages, but only when the insured has fulfilled its liability to the injured third party, can the insurance liability be counted as coming into being. In our opinion, the insured does suffer losses to the third party as a result of negligent conduct. At the same time, the injured third party exercises the right to claim damages against the insured. When the two conditions are met simultaneously, the liability of insurance is considered to be truly incurred. Insurance talent can exercise the right to participate. The exercise of the insurer's right to participate can be divided into participation and non-participation, in which participation also includes two types, namely, exercising the right to participate and agreeing to an agreement of reconciliation or compensation, and exercising the right of participation, but not agreeing to an agreement of settlement or compensation. The right not to exercise participation also includes two categories, being notified and not participating and not being notified and not participating. Through the analysis of the above situations, we can understand the exercise process of the participation right of the liability insurer and the relevant problems. Since the liability insurer actively exercises the right of participation, there must be improper exercise of the right of participation and the possibility of the occurrence of liability for damages. How to deal with it at this time? Therefore, this paper also discusses the liability insurer in the process of exercising the right to participate in the exercise of the duty of care and the exercise of the right to participate in the improper exercise of damage liability. The third part mainly analyzes the suggestion of the participation right of the liability insurer in the Insurance Law of our country, and hopes that this article can be helpful to the improvement of the insurance legislation and the development of the insurance practice in our country. The related suggestions are as follows: first, the new liability insurer has the right to participate; second, establish the timely notification obligation of the insured; third, add the exception about the liability insurer to exercise the participation right; Fourth, the new provisions on the liability insurer to exercise the right to participate in opposition.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284

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