海运集装箱滞箱费性质认定问题研究

发布时间：2019-01-07 09:54

【摘要】：集装箱运输作为一种现代化运输方式,近年来得到了突飞猛进的发展。尤其在国际海上货物运输领域,集装箱运输已逐步取代传统的件杂货运输,成为国际班轮航线上占有支配地位的运输形式。集装箱超期使用费纠纷的解决一直备受航运业的关注。本文的主要研究对象是海运集装箱进口滞箱费,写作目的是对海运集装箱滞箱费的性质进行界定。在第一章中对海运集装箱性质的界定是认定海运集装箱滞箱费性质的基础,海运集装箱在承运人责任范围下属于船舶的延伸,超过集装箱的约定期限货物仍未从集装箱内脱离则表示海运合同仍处在履行状态,此时产生的集装箱滞箱费的性质认定应当以海运合同为依据。海运集装箱滞箱费的产生主要来自于货物进口环节,海运集装箱滞期费性质的认定不明则会导致港口机构处理困境以及当事人的权益纠纷。在第二章中通过案例引入,探讨了在承运人规定的集装箱免费使用期届满的情况下,集装箱占有使用人与承运人之间形成新的集装箱租赁法律关系,进而对"租金论"观点下的请求权基础进行分析,认为将海运集装箱滞箱费认定为"租金"有不合理之处。在第三章中主要对将集装箱滞箱费认定为"违约金"的两种观点进行讨论,一种是违反海上货物运输合同中的集装箱使用期限条款而产生的违约金,一种是违反海上货物运输合同中的附随义务所产生的违约金。约定的递增集装箱滞箱费率按天计算具有惩罚性,违反集装箱使用期限的约定而产生的集装箱滞箱费应当认定为违约金。在第四章中对集装箱滞箱费性质认定带来的诉讼时效和请求金额问题进行了讨论,在充分考虑船货各方利益的基础上提出相关的法律解决对策及建议,以寻求当事人双方的利益平衡点。最后结合全文的分析探讨给出结论。本文认为,海运集装箱滞箱费性质上属于违反海运合同项下集装箱使用期限条款的违约金。关于论文的主要研究方法,除了比较研究、价值分析等方法外,由于海上集装箱运输的客观情况复杂多变,这就要求对集装箱滞箱费性质认定的探讨应当以实际情况为依据,所以案例分析法是贯穿本文的最重要的研究方法。
[Abstract]:As a modern transportation mode, container transportation has been developed by leaps and bounds in recent years. Especially in the field of international maritime cargo transportation, container transport has gradually replaced the traditional cargo transport, and has become the dominant form of transportation on international liner routes. The settlement of the dispute over the extended usage fee of containers has been concerned by the shipping industry all the time. The purpose of this paper is to define the nature of the container lag fee. In the first chapter, the definition of the nature of sea container is the basis of determining the nature of container lag fee, which belongs to the extension of the ship under the scope of the carrier's responsibility. If the goods have not been separated from the container after the agreed time limit of the container, the shipping contract is still in the state of performance, and the nature of the container lag fee should be determined on the basis of the shipping contract. The origin of container lag charges mainly comes from the import of goods. The identification of the demurrage of sea containers will lead to the plight of the port authorities and the rights and interests disputes of the parties. In the second chapter, through the case study, the author discusses the new legal relationship of container lease between the container possessor and the carrier under the condition that the free use period of the container stipulated by the carrier expires. Then, the author analyzes the claim basis of "rent theory", and thinks that it is unreasonable to regard the shipping container lag charge as "rent". In the third chapter, the author mainly discusses the two viewpoints that the container delay fee is regarded as "liquidated damages", one is the liquidated damages arising from the breach of the term of use clause of containers in the contract of carriage of goods by sea. One is the penalty for breach of collateral obligations in a contract for the carriage of goods by sea. The agreed incremental container lag rate is punitive by day, and the container delay fee caused by violating the term of use of the container shall be regarded as liquidated damages. In the fourth chapter, the limitation of action and the amount of claim brought by the nature of container delay fee are discussed, and the relevant legal solutions and suggestions are put forward on the basis of fully considering the interests of all parties to the ship and cargo. In order to seek the balance of interests between the parties. Finally, the conclusion is given based on the analysis and discussion of the full text. This paper holds that the shipping container delay fee is a penalty for breach of the term of service of the container under the maritime contract. As for the main research methods of the thesis, besides comparative study, value analysis and other methods, the objective situation of container transportation by sea is complex and changeable, which requires that the discussion on the nature of container lag fee should be based on the actual situation. So case analysis is the most important research method through this paper.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294;D923.6

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