我国破产重整中债务人自行管理制度的完善——以信义义务为视角

发布时间：2019-02-17 21:08

【摘要】：我国2006年颁布的《企业破产法》第73条引入了美国破产法上的债务人自行管理制度。本文通过实证研究表明债务人自行管理制度虽然在效率和债权人清偿率上都优于管理人管理制度,但是在司法实践中较少被适用。因为自行管理的债务人面临道德风险和激烈的利益冲突,《企业破产法》第73条却缺乏对其法律地位和相关义务的规定和约束。法院用脚投票表明了《企业破产法》第73条规定的不完善,从而引起司法适用上的顾虑。本文从法理和比较法的角度探讨如何完善《企业破产法》第73条中法院批准债务人自行管理的规则、自行管理的债务人的法律地位和信义义务。本文认为法院批准债务人自行管理时可以采取最大利益测试的判断规则,自行管理的债务人可以被视为负担了新的信义义务的主体。"利益相关者调停人理论"和"分散忠诚理论"可以解决债务人及其管理层面临不同利益冲突时,如何进行利益衡量的问题。对于债务人及其管理层违反信义义务的归责原则,本文认为应当采取一般过失原则才能督促自行管理的债务人及其管理层忠实勤勉的行使职权,最大程度的降低道德风险,并保证破产财产的最大化。
[Abstract]:Article 73 of Enterprise bankruptcy Law, promulgated in 2006, introduces the self-management system of debtors in American bankruptcy law. The empirical study shows that the debtor's self-management system is less applicable in judicial practice, although it is superior to the administrator's management system in terms of efficiency and creditors' repayment rate. Because self-administered debtors face moral hazard and fierce conflicts of interest, Article 73 of the Enterprise bankruptcy Law lacks regulations and restrictions on their legal status and related obligations. The court vote with feet shows the imperfections of Article 73 of the Enterprise bankruptcy Law, thus causing misgivings in judicial application. This paper discusses how to perfect the rules of court approval of debtor's self-administration in Article 73 of Enterprise bankruptcy Law and the legal status and fiduciary duty of self-administered debtor from the angle of legal theory and comparative law. This paper holds that the court may adopt the rule of best interests test when approving the debtor's self-administration, and the self-administered debtor may be regarded as the subject of the new fiduciary obligation. " Stakeholder mediator theory and decentralized loyalty theory can solve the problem of how to measure interests when debtors and their management face different conflicts of interest. As for the principle of imputation of the debtor and its management in breach of fiduciary obligation, this paper holds that the principle of general negligence should be adopted in order to urge the self-managed debtor and its management to exercise their duties faithfully and diligently, and to minimize the moral hazard. And to ensure the maximization of the bankruptcy estate.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：司法部国家法治与法学理论部级研究项目“我国商事信义义务适用范围研究:以路径依赖和制度构建为视角”(项目编号:14SFB30028)阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D922.291.92

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