公共当局海难救助报酬请求权法律问题分析

发布时间：2019-06-17 08:10

【摘要】：近年来,航运事业不断发展,造成或可能造成海上交通安全威胁以及海洋环境污染的海难事故也日益增多。由于海难事故施救难度大,需要投入的资金、人力、设备都很巨大,一般的社会机构、民间力量难以承担。因此,为更好的保护沿海国海洋环境、航道安全等公共利益,相关国际公约及国内立法都授权国家采取强制措施,针对那些无力承担救助义务或者不及时采取救助将导致更大的人命和环境威胁的情况,干预海难救助。在这一背景下,公共当局越来越频繁地介入到海难救助之中。在海难救助中,公共当局作为救助主体中的一类,近年来,由公共当局提起海难救助报酬主张的案件也在日益增加。本文总共分四部分来探讨公共当局海难救助报酬请求权的法律问题。第一部分着重介绍国内外公共当局参与海难救助的现状,从大环境的角度探讨公共当局是否能获取报酬。第二部分对公共当局海难救助法律行为进行考察,对公共当局进行界定,进而探讨公共当局海难救助行为的必要性及其法律属性,厘清公共当局救助行为与商业救助行为的不同法律关系。第三部分主要探讨公共当局海难救助报酬请求权的实现,分别从公共当局实现海难救助报酬请求权的法理障碍、公共当局获取海难救助报酬的基本原则以及我国公共当局海难救助报酬请求权存在的问题三方面进行论述。第四部分结合全文的观点和结论,对我国公共当局海难救助报酬请求权制度的建设提出法律建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of shipping, there are more and more maritime accidents that cause or may cause maritime traffic safety threats and marine environmental pollution. Because of the difficulty of rescuing the shipcrash, the funds, manpower and equipment needed to be invested are very huge, and the general social institutions and private forces are difficult to bear. Therefore, in order to better protect the marine environment of coastal countries, waterway safety and other public interests, the relevant international conventions and domestic legislation authorize the state to take coercive measures to intervene in maritime distress in cases where unable to undertake rescue obligations or if failure to take rescue in time will lead to greater threats to human life and the environment. In this context, public authorities are more and more frequently involved in the rescue of maritime disasters. In the rescue of maritime distress, the public authorities as one of the main bodies of rescue, in recent years, the public authorities have brought forward the claim of compensation for the rescue of maritime disasters is also increasing. This paper is divided into four parts to discuss the legal issues of the public authorities' claim for compensation for salvage at sea. The first part focuses on the current situation of domestic and foreign public authorities participating in maritime distress rescue, and discusses whether the public authorities can get compensation from the perspective of the overall environment. The second part investigates the legal acts of the public authorities in maritime distress, defines the public authorities, and then discusses the necessity and legal attributes of the public authorities' rescue acts at sea, and clarifies the different legal relations between the public authorities' rescue behavior and the commercial rescue behavior. The third part mainly discusses the realization of the claim right of the public authority for salvage compensation, which discusses the legal obstacles of the public authority to realize the compensation claim right, the basic principles of the public authority to obtain the compensation for the distress rescue, and the problems existing in the claim right of the public authority for the salvage compensation of the maritime disaster in our country. The fourth part puts forward some legal suggestions on the construction of the compensation claim system of the public authorities in China based on the views and conclusions of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

【相似文献】