论人格权商品化现象及其民法保护

发布时间：2018-11-28 12:54

【摘要】：日益增多的人格特征商业利用事件让商家通过他人尤其是名人的形象提高自身商品的销售量,越来越多的名人将自己的声音、肖像、名字等人格特征授予企业进行商业活动。但是,由于立法上的缺失,当权利人为了保护自己人格标识的财产权,要求禁止他人未经授权的商业化利用其人格标识的行为并要求经济赔偿时,我国往往不能给权利人提供应有的保护和救济。传统民法认为人格权系以人格为内容的权利,以体现人的尊严价值的精神利益为其保护客体,并不具有财产利益,这继受于19世纪德国民法的基本思想,其建立在康德哲学和萨维尼的权利论两个理论基础之上。然而20世纪以来,人民的生活发生了重大的改变,这种观点已不再适应民众的日常生活。那么,理解此正当化哲学基础,依然需要从康德的学说开始入手,本文通过对康德的道德律令以及其自由意志学说的重新认知整理来为人格权商品化提供哲学基础的论证。美国通区分了隐私权和公开权以双重权利模来保护商品化权利,以此来对各种人格利益加以调整和保护。另外,德国将人格权商品化置于人格权框架之内予以解决,施行统一权利模式通过司法解释等手段扩大解释一般人格权以涵盖人格权商品化领域。另外,本文通过对我国人格权商品化的司法实践的研究来提出对我国民法在人格权商品化上保护的意见,即是确认人格权中的财产利益,以及救济方式的明确。
[Abstract]:The increasing number of business events of personality characteristics enables businesses to increase the sales of their own products through the image of others, especially celebrities, and more celebrities give their own voices, portraits, names and other personality characteristics to enterprises to carry out business activities. However, due to the lack of legislation, when the right holder, in order to protect the property rights of his own personality logo, demands to prohibit the unauthorized commercial use of his personality logo by others and to claim financial compensation, China is often unable to provide due protection and relief to the obligee. The traditional civil law holds that the personality right is the right with personality as the content and the spiritual interest which embodies the value of human dignity as the object of protection. It does not have the property interest, which is followed by the basic idea of the German civil law in the 19th century. It is based on Kant's philosophy and Savini's theory of right. However, since the 20th century, people's lives have changed significantly, and this view is no longer suitable for people's daily life. Therefore, to understand the legitimate philosophical basis, we still need to start with Kant's theory. This paper provides a philosophical basis for the commercialization of personality right through the recognitive arrangement of Kant's moral law and his theory of free will. America distinguishes the right of privacy from the right of publicity to protect the right of commercialization by the model of dual rights, so as to adjust and protect the interests of various personality. In addition, Germany puts the commercialization of personality right within the framework of personality right and implements the unified right mode to expand the interpretation of general personality right through judicial interpretation to cover the field of commoditization of personality right. In addition, through the research on the judicial practice of the commercialization of personality right in our country, this paper puts forward some opinions on the protection of the commercialization of personality right in the civil law of our country, that is, to confirm the property interests in personality right, and to clarify the way of relief.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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