论承运人迟延交付责任制度

发布时间：2018-02-10 22:40

本文关键词： 迟延交付责任迟延损失赔偿　出处：《上海海事大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：一方面，，经济全球化和国际贸易的繁荣促进了国际航运业的发展；另一方面，鉴于航海技术的提高、抗御海上特殊风险能力的加强以及船货双方力量对比的变化，国际上要求完善和统一承运人责任制度的呼声更加强烈。在此背景下，承运人的迟延交付责任逐渐受到国际海商立法和各国海商立法的重视。我国《海商法》顺应这种趋势，对承运人的迟延交付责任作了明确规定，具有进步意义。但是《海商法》实施十多年来的实践表明，其中有关迟延交付的某些条款还存在一些不足之处。在本论文中，笔者从迟延交付的基本概念、法律特征、制度的确立、产生原因及造成的损失、承运人对迟延交付的责任及赔偿入手，结合一些典型判例，通过分析比较我国《海商法》、有关国际公约、主要航运国家的立法对迟延交付制度的规定，指出我国《海商法》有关迟延交付规定出现的问题，并提出修改建议。以期对我国承运人迟延交付责任制度的完善起到一定的参考作用。本论文分四大部分、共七章进行论述。第一部分介绍迟延交付制度的基本理论。此部分包括论文的前三章，重点阐述迟延交付及与其相关的概念、研究的意义、迟延交付制度的确立和迟延交付产生原因等内容。对迟延交付的概念各国认识并不一致，因此造成对迟延交付与迟延损失、迟延损失与灭失或损坏、迟延交付与绕航等相关概念的看法也存在差别。反映在司法实践中，对这一问题的处理也各不相同。研究这一制度不仅具有国际意义，而且在我国更有其现实意义。迟延交付制度的确立是一个历史的过程。本文从国际范围和我国两方面论述了迟延交付制度的确立。在航运实务中，造成迟延交付的原因较多，笔者只对较为常见的七种进行论述，其中以船舶不适航、绕航和发生海事为重点。第二部分阐述承运人的迟延交付责任问题。这部分包括论文的第四章和第五章，重点分析因违反约定义务和法定义务承运人应承担的迟延交付责任，承运人迟延交付的免责和责任限制。第三部分是本论文的第六章。着重论述承运人对迟延损失的赔偿问题，这是本论文的重点之一。承运人对迟延损失的赔偿包括物质损失和经济损失两种。相对迟延交付造成的经济损失而言，物质上的损失，一般显而易见，处理上也相对简单得多。国际公约和各国法律都没有具体规定迟延经济损失的赔偿范围，因此实践中对迟延经济损失是否应该赔偿和怎样确定其赔偿范围争议较多。对此，笔者结合相关的典型判例，从国际公约及有关国家对迟延交付经济损失赔偿的认定、迟延经济损失的赔偿原则、承运人对迟延经济损失的赔偿范围几方面重点阐述了承运人对迟延经济损失的赔偿问题。第四部分是本文的第八章。此部分也是笔者论述的重点。针对我国《海商法》第 50条第1款的规定，笔者就理论界的不同观点和法院在审判实践中出现的问题，阐述了自己的观点，同时就《海商法》中有关条款规定和迟延经济损失赔偿责任限额规定的不足，也提出自己的主张。在本章的结论部分，笔者就《海商法》迟延交付相关规定的完善提出建议。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, the economic globalization and the prosperity of international trade promotes the development of international shipping industry; on the other hand, in view of the improvement of nautical technology, change ability against risks particular to the ocean and strengthen cargo power between the two sides, the perfecting and unifying the carrier responsibility system is more and more strong. Under this background, the carrier the delay in delivery has been the responsibility of international maritime legislation and the legislation of many countries attach importance to China's maritime law. < > conform to this trend, the carrier's liability has been specified, but is of great significance. < Maritime Law > more than 10 years of practice shows that the provisions for delay in delivery has some shortcomings. In this paper, the basic concepts, the author from the delay in delivery of the legal characteristics, the establishment of the system, causing the cause and the loss of the carrier for the delay in delivery The responsibility and compensation for the start, combined with some typical cases, through the analysis and comparison of China's "maritime law", the relevant international conventions, regulations of main shipping countries legislation on the delay in delivery system, pointed out that the delay of China Maritime Law > < delivery provisions of the problems, and proposes some suggestions. In order to improve China's carrier the liability system plays a certain reference role. This thesis is divided into four parts, a total of seven chapters.
The first part introduces the basic theory of the delay delivery system. This part includes the first three chapters of the paper. It focuses on the concept of delay in delivery and related concepts, the significance of the research, the establishment of the delay delivery system and the reasons for the delay in delivery.
The concept of the delay in delivery of the understanding is not consistent, thus causing losses to the delivery delay and delay, delay damage and loss or damage, delay in delivery and deviation related concepts are different. Reflected in the judicial practice, treatment of this issue is also different. This system not only has the international significance in our country, and has a practical significance.
To establish the system of delay in delivery is a historical process. It discusses the establishment of the system of delay in delivery from the international scope and China in two aspects. In the shipping practice, delay in delivery caused by many reasons, the author only to discuss seven kinds of the more common, the discomfort of ship navigation, deviation and marine accidents as the key point.
The second part elaborates the carrier's liability for delay in delivery. This part includes the fourth and fifth chapters of the paper. It focuses on analyzing the liability for delay in delivery of the carrier due to breach of contractual obligations and statutory obligations, and the exemption and limitation of liability for the delay in delivery of the carrier.
The third part is the sixth chapter of this paper. It focuses on the compensation of the carrier for delay loss, which is one of the key points of this paper.
The carrier's compensation for delay loss includes two kinds of material loss and economic loss. In terms of the economic losses caused by delayed delivery, the material loss is generally obvious and the treatment is relatively much simpler.
The law of the country does not specify the scope of compensation for the delay of economic loss, so whether the delay of economic loss should be done in practice
There are many disputes about how to compensate for the compensation and how to determine the scope of its compensation.
And the related countries' identification of compensation for delayed delivery of economic losses, the principle of compensation for delay in economic losses, and the carrier
Several aspects of the compensation scope for the delay of economic losses are emphasized on the compensation of the carrier for the delay of economic loss.
The fourth part is the eighth chapter of this article. This part is also the focus of the author's discussion.
The 50 provisions of the first paragraph, the author of the different views of the theorists and the court in the trial practice in the problems, explain the problems.
At the same time, the provisions of the relevant provisions of the maritime law and the limit of liability for delay in economic loss
In the concluding part of this chapter, I will delay the delivery of the maritime law.
Suggestions are made for the improvement of the regulations.

【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D99;D922.294

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