论保险人的诚信义务

发布时间：2018-03-08 00:02

本文选题：诚信义务　切入点：保险人　出处：《华中科技大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 当前在我国乃至全世界,诚信危机已经成了关系市场经济能否健康发展的重要问题,我国迫切需要完善保险市场,而完善的保险市场又需要健全合理的保险法律制度。最大诚信原则是保险法的重要法律特征,保险人能否遵循诚信原则,切实履行诚信义务成为保险业良好发展的重要保证。本文旨在对保险人的诚信义务问题进行较为深入、系统的研究,以引起学术界对这一课题的重视,为实务界和司法界提供理论参考。全文分为引论、正文和结束语。其中,正文由三部分组成。文章第一部分对最大诚信义务制度进行了论述。最大诚信义务制度起源于诚实信用原则。诚实信用原则渊源于罗马法的诚信契约和诚信诉讼。在大陆法系,作为民法的基本原则,诚实信用经历了其适用于合同关系,适用于债务关系和适用于各种民事义务关系三个阶段。在英美法系,判例法和成文法亦确认了诚实信用原则为民商法基本原则。《保险法》将诚信原则发展为最大诚信原则。最大诚信原则最早运用于英国的海上保险,是为适应海上保险的需要而确立。英国1906年的《海上保险法》最早对最大诚信义务做出规定。随着保险业的发展,最大诚信原则得以深化,特别是由最初多用于限制被保险人,扩展至保险人,各国保险法对保险人的诚信要求作了规定。最大诚信原则源于诚信原则,然而二者之间又存在差异:最大诚信原则要求更高;是规范性与非规范性规定的结合体;在司法中有严格规则主义倾向。文章第二部分阐释了保险人承担诚信义务的理论基础。最大诚信原则产生之初主要是约束投保人的工具,随着保险业的发展,保险人信守诚信义务对维持保险业正常秩序作用日显。保险人承担诚信义务有其深刻的理论依据:由于保险合同具有射幸性、附合性,成立方式的不要式性合同当事人地位不平等以及意思表示不充分的特点,整个保险合同活动过程中道德因素起了不可替代的作用。另外,保险人承担诚信义务是现代保险经营平衡当事人之间利益冲突,维护保险基金稳定性,提高经济效益,扩大保险市场,实现公平的必然要求。文章第三部分是文章重点所在,探讨了保险人最大诚信义务的内容。保险人最大诚信义务包括订约说明义务、告知义务,通知义务以及诚信理赔义务。订约说明义务是我国保险法的一大特色,我国保险法规定了保险八应对合同条款予以说明,对免责条款进行明确说明。但是对说明义务的具体内容、说明程度以及履行方式没有加以明确规定,给司法实践带来困惑。文章就相应理论进行了详细阐述。弃权与禁止反言基于衡平法的公平原则而产生,是保险人的最大诚信义务的重要内容。我国保险法没有明确规定弃权和禁止反言原则,本文借鉴外国理论深入研究弃权与禁止反言的内涵、适用条件和适用情形。保险人的及时给付义务是保险人最基本、最起码的义务,是投保人订约目的最终得以实现的关键所在。保险人应在直接损失、救助费用和其他合理费用的范围内履行给付义务,保险人最大诚信义务尤其要求保险人在规定期限内履行给付义务。文章最后部分提出了完善保险人最大诚信义务的建议。首先完善保险法律法规。我国保险法对保险人的说明义务规定了“说明”和“明确说明”两种情况,事实上“说明”与“明确说明”很难区分,保险人对所有说明对象都应明确说明。保险法对保险人违反说明义务做出了一项规定,即如若保险人违反了明确说明义务,免责条款无效。建议法律将投保人合同解除权规定为救济手段或利用合同不利解释原则。我国的《保险法》对弃权与禁止反言这一约束保险人的国际通行的重要内容只字未提,在修订《保险法》时,弃权与禁止反言的法律规定是不可或缺的。为促使保险人充分履行及时给付义务,法律应明确规定保险人理赔原则和保险金给付的具体期限。保险人应完善实务操作办法,特别是适当地改进投保单及保险合同的格式。综上所述,笔者通过对保险人诚信义务的制度阐述,侧重就保险人诚信义务的内容予以研究,旨在对当今保险人违反诚信义务的行为和违反后果,以及如何克服这些行为,联系实际进行学理的探讨,使保险法在实践中更好发挥作用,促进我国民族保险业健康有效地发展。
[Abstract]:At present in our country and even the world, the credit crisis has been an important problem in relation to the healthy development of the market economy, China's urgent need to improve and perfect the insurance market, insurance market and insurance legal system perfect and reasonable. The principle of utmost good faith is the legal characteristics to the law of insurance, the insurer can follow the principle of good faith. To fulfill the obligation of good faith has become important assurance for the development of the insurance industry. This paper aims at the fiduciary duty of the insurance people for more in-depth, systematic research, to be paid more attention to this problem and provide a theoretical reference for the practice and law. This thesis is divided into introduction, body and conclusion. Among them, the consists of three parts.
The first part of the system of the duty of utmost good faith is discussed. The duty of utmost good faith system originated from the principle of good faith. The principle of honesty and credit originated from Rome law contract of utmost good faith and action. In the continental law system, as a basic principle of civil law, good faith experience suitable for contract, is suitable for the relationship between debt and applicable to the relationship all kinds of civil obligations in three stages. In the common law, case law and statute law also confirmed the principle of good faith as the basic principle of civil law. The insurance law > the principle of good faith for the development of the principle of utmost good faith. Faith is first used in the British marine insurance, is established to meet the needs of marine insurance at sea. In 1906 the British Insurance Law > the earliest provisions of the "duty of utmost good faith. With the development of the insurance industry, the principle of utmost good faith to deepen, especially is limited by the initial for The insurer, extended to insurance, credit insurance law requirements for the insurer provides. The principle of utmost good faith in the principle of good faith, but there are also differences between the two: the principle of utmost good faith requires higher; is a combination of normative and non normative provisions of the body; there are strict rules in the judicial tendency.
The second part expounds the theoretical basis of the insurer undertakes the obligation of good faith. The principle of utmost good faith is the main constraint at the beginning of the insured, with the development of the insurance industry, the insurance people abide by the fiduciary duty to maintain the normal order of the insurance industry is getting more and more. The insurer undertakes the obligation of good faith has its profound theoretical basis: the insurance contract has fortunately, with the establishment of the contract, not the unequal status of the parties and the meaning of that is not fully characterized, moral factors in the insurance contract in the process of activities have played an irreplaceable role. In addition, the insurer undertakes the obligation of good faith is the conflict of interests between the parties to maintain the balance of modern insurance business, insurance fund stability, improve economic efficiency, expand the insurance market, a necessary requirement to achieve fairness.
The third part is the focus of insurer's duty of utmost good faith content. The insurer contracting includes the duty of utmost good faith that obligation, obligation, obligation of notification and credit claim obligations. Contracting note obligations is a major feature of China's Insurance Law, the insurance law of our country stipulates insurance eight the terms of the contract shall be explained and on the exemption clauses specified. But the specific content of the duty of explanation, and illustrate the extent of performance have not been clearly defined, brought to the judicial practice confusion. The corresponding theory in detail. Waiver and estoppel principle of fairness based on equity and produce, insurance is an important part of people's utmost good faith the obligations of the insurance law of our country. There is no clear provisions of waiver and estoppel, referring to foreign theory in-depth study of waiver and estoppel prohibited connotation, suitable for. And the applicable circumstances. The insurer is obligated to timely payment of insurance the most basic, the minimum obligation is the key to the realization of the insured contract. The insurer should be in the range of the direct losses, salvage charges and other reasonable expenses within the insurer to fulfill payment obligations, the duty of utmost good faith in insurance requirements especially within the prescribed period of time to fulfill payment obligations.
The last part of the article put forward to perfect the insurance duty of utmost good faith proposal. First improve the insurance laws and regulations. The insurance law of China stipulates the obligation of the insurer "account" and "clearly" two kinds of situations, in fact "description" and "clearly" it is difficult to distinguish, the insurer shall specify all of that object. The insurance law of the insured breach of obligations that made a provision that if the insurer violates the specific explanation obligation, the exemption clause is invalid. Legal advice will be insured the right to rescind the contract provisions for relief means or the use of the unfavorable interpretation principle. The insurance law in China to abstain from < > and Estelle this constraint insurer international important content not mentioned in the revised "insurance law", waiver and estoppel law is indispensable. In order to promote timely to fully fulfill the insurer To pay obligations, the law should clearly stipulate the insurer's claim principle and the specific time limit for insurance payment. The insurer should improve practical operation methods, especially to properly improve the form of insurance policy and insurance contract.
In conclusion, the author expounds the insurer's fiduciary duty system, focuses on the study of the insurer's fiduciary duty to the insurer, breach of fiduciary duty in violation of behavior and consequences, and how to overcome these behaviors, with practice and theoretical exploration of the insurance law in practice to better play a role in promoting. Our national insurance industry healthy and effective development.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.284

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