船舶抵押权人利益保险问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 01:14

本文选题：船舶抵押权人利益保险　切入点：船舶融资　出处：《对外经济贸易大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：船舶业是世界上资本最密集的产业之一，无论是制造船舶，还是出海航行，都需要巨额资金的支持，船舶融资是促进船舶业发展的关键环节。船舶抵押贷款是最为传统和通用的船舶融资方式，船东通常会向银行等金融机构申请船舶抵押贷款来获取巨额资金支持。但面对船舶业的高风险行业特性，银行等金融机构会担忧自己的船舶抵押权益能否获得保障，船舶业获取船舶融资困难重重。国际船舶业需要寻找能够充分、全面保障船舶抵押权人利益并能转嫁相关风险的风险管理手段，以促进和保障国际船舶融资渠道的畅通。我国已成为全球第二大经济体，正在从航运大国向航运强国发展。我国的十八大报告首次提出要发展海洋经济，建设海洋强国的概念。我国的船舶航运业是海洋经济的发展基础，在实现海洋战略的过程中，船舶航运业必将得到大力发展。我国的船舶融资有近70%是以船舶抵押贷款的形式完成的，随着国际航运市场和金融市场的飞速发展，我国的船舶融资需求也进一步增加。但是，，船舶航运业的高风险性也使得目前我国的船舶融资面临不小的困难。因此，我国亟需完整的船舶融资担保体系，不仅需要大力发展传统的船舶保险、货运保险和保赔保险来保障抵押船舶的海上风险，更需要发展结合现行船舶融资特点的能保障船舶抵押权人利益的保险。船舶抵押权人利益保险船舶抵押权人利益保险（Mortgagees' InterestInsurance，简称MII）是独立为船舶抵押权人利益设计的保险，由船舶抵押权人投保，以船舶抵押权为保险标的，承保船舶抵押权人因第一线船舶保险、保赔保险发生拒赔或未能获得全部赔付导致船舶抵押权人的优先受偿权受阻而产生的损失。船舶抵押权人利益保险在西方发达国家已经发展数十年并日趋成熟，能够在保障船舶抵押权人利益、转移有关风险的同时，确保船舶融资的稳健与安全。本文认为，在保障船舶抵押权人利益方面，船舶抵押权人利益保险具有传统第一线船舶保险和保赔保险无可比拟的优越性：船舶抵押权人能够根据需要自己安排投保，拥有更多的自主权；船舶抵押权人能够摆脱只能依赖船舶抵押人行为的脆弱地位；而且船舶抵押权人利益保险还有其他的并列险种作为有益补充，能够更好地保障船舶抵押权人的利益。我国发展船舶抵押权人利益保险业务，有利于优化目前我国保险市场的船舶保险业务结构，丰富我国的航运保险市场，促进我国航运保险市场的发展。本文采用了比较分析法、文献研究法、定性分析法三种研究方法，对船舶抵押权人利益保险的有关内容进行了仔细研究和深入分析。本文参照国内外船舶抵押权人利益保险的有关理论和学说，首先界定了船舶抵押权人利益保险的概念，介绍了船舶抵押权人利益保险的特征、主体、主要条款等内容，重点对船舶抵押权人利益保险的投保人、被保险人、可保利益及承保风险以及主要条款进行了详尽的分析研究；随后对船舶抵押权人利益保险进行了相应的法经济学分析，一方面结合我国《保险法》、《海商法》、《担保法》、《物权法》等有关法律法规，对该险种做了相应的法律分析，另一方面结合法经济学理论，对该险种涉及的诸如经济人、不确定性、道德风险、逆向选择、市场失灵、成本收益分析以及合同违约救济等区别于普通民商法、较难得到传统法学理论完整解释的特征和惯例进行深入研究；随后，本文结合我国船舶融资、航运业发展现状和现行法律制度，对我国探索发展船舶抵押权人利益保险的必要性和可行性进行分析和研究；最后，本文对船舶抵押权人利益保险在我国未来发展的地位和作用进行研究，指出船舶抵押权人利益保险是我国航运业发展和船舶融资发展的必然走向，并针对我国保险业和保险公司提出发展船舶抵押权人利益保险的政策建议，也为保险公司在不久的将来订立抵押权人利益保险合同条款提供了一些调整建议。本文认为，引进和发展船舶抵押权人利益保险能够满足我国船舶抵押融资发展和我国航运及贸易的发展需要，完善我国的航运保险制度并保障我国的船舶抵押融资制度顺利发展，有助于促进我国海洋经济的发展。船舶抵押权人利益保险是我国航运业发展和船舶融资发展的必然走向，我国探索发展船舶抵押权人利益保险具有必要性和可行性。虽然目前在理论和实践层面上还有许多值得探讨和研究的问题，但船舶抵押权人利益保险在我国的良好发展前景是可以预见的。本文相信，只要迈开了引进此险种的尝试性的第一步，有关的理论的完善和实践的丰富指日可待。本文的创新之处体现在以下四个方面：首先，本文的研究选题较新，目前国内已有的关于船舶抵押权人利益保险的研究和分析都比较单薄，缺少对船舶抵押权人利益保险综合性的详细分析和比较研究；其次，本文从船舶抵押权人利益保险的概念、主体、特征、条款等内容出发，联动结合法律角度分析和法经济学方法论，对该险种在我国发展的必要性和可行性等内容进行多角度、多层面地研究，研究视角较新、较全面；再次，本文创新性地引入法经济学分析方法，从法经济学角度出发，使用法经济学理论和工具，对该险种涉及的诸如经济人、不确定性、道德风险、逆向选择、市场失灵、成本收益分析以及合同违约救济等区别于普通民商法、较难得到传统法学理论完整解释的特征和惯例进行深入研究，得出更加细化、精准的研究结论，所提建议更具针对性、可行性和可操作性；最后，本文除采用理论分析和定性研究外，还采用了国际比较研究方法和法经济学定量分析方法，结合我国现行法律制度和航运保险市场现实情况，对船舶抵押权人利益保险在我国的发展重新进行了定位，详细研究了我国发展船舶抵押权人利益保险的必要性、可行性和发展建议，得出发展船舶抵押权人利益保险是我国保障船舶融资安全的必然走向的结论。这也是本文研究的另一处创新所在。
[Abstract]:Ship industry is one of the most capital intensive industry in the world, whether it is manufacturing ships, or sailing, need huge capital support, ship financing is the key link to promote the development of the shipbuilding industry. The ship mortgage is the most traditional and common methods of ship finance, ship East usually to banks and other financial institutions to apply for ships mortgage loan to acquire huge financial support. But in the face of high risk industry shipbuilding industry characteristics, banks and other financial institutions will worry about their rights and interests can ship mortgage guarantee, the ship industry gets ship financing difficult. International shipping industry needs to find full, comprehensive protection of the mortgagees'interests and can pass the related risks risk management, in order to smooth the promotion and protection of international ship financing channels.
China has become the world's second largest economy, is developing from large shipping country to shipping power. The eighteen report of China first proposed to the development of marine economy, the concept of the construction of marine power. China's shipping industry is the basis for the development of ocean economy, in the process of implementation of marine strategy in the shipping industry will be development of ship financing in China. There are nearly 70% ships is done in the form of mortgage, with the rapid development of the international shipping market and the financial market, China's shipping financial demand is further increased. However, high risk of the shipping industry also makes the financing of our country faces no small difficulty. Therefore, China should complete the ship financing guarantee system, not only need to vigorously develop the traditional ship insurance, cargo insurance and insurance to protect the ship's mortgage risk, need more development. The insurance of the interests of the mortgaged of the ship can be guaranteed by the characteristics of the current ship financing.
Mortgagees'interest mortgagees'interest (Mortgagees'InterestInsurance, referred to as MII) is independent of the ship mortgage insurance rights interests, right by the insured ship mortgage, the mortgage of the ship insured, because first-line ship insurance underwriting mortgagee, insurance exclusions or occurrence failed to get the full payment to ship the mortgagee's priority is blocked and the resulting loss. Mortgagees'interest in western developed countries has decades of development and mature, to safeguard the mortgagees'interests, transfer the risk at the same time, to ensure the stability and safety of ship financing.
This paper argues that in the protection of the mortgagees'interests, mortgagees'interest superior to traditional first-line ship insurance and insurance of the mortgagee There is nothing comparable to this: according to the needs of their own insurance arrangements, have more autonomy; ship the mortgagee can get rid of the weak position can only rely on the mortgage of ship behavior; and the mortgagees'interests insurance and other insurance are as a useful supplement, to better protect the mortgagee's interests. China's development of mortgagees'interest business, is conducive to optimizing the insurance market of our country shipping insurance business structure, enrich our shipping insurance market, promote the development of China's shipping insurance market.
This paper adopts the method of comparative analysis, literature research method, qualitative analysis method of three kinds of research methods, the content of mortgagees'interest were carefully studied and analyzed thoroughly. According to related theories at home and abroad mortgagees'interest, first defines the mortgagees'interest the concept, introduced the characteristics of insurance interest, the mortgagee of ship body, the main content of the terms, the focus of the insured mortgagees'interest, insured insurable interest and insurance risk and the main clause in a detailed analysis; then analyzed the corresponding law and economics of ship mortgage the interests of insurance, on the one hand, combined with China's Insurance Law < > >, < < maritime law, guarantee law "," property law and other relevant laws and regulations on the insurance, the relevant legal analysis, on the other hand by combined method Economic theory, such as economic man, this kind of uncertainty, moral hazard, adverse selection, market failure, cost benefit analysis and remedy for breach of contract, different from the ordinary civil and commercial law, it is difficult to get the characteristics of the traditional law theory and practice full explanation of the in-depth research; then, based on China's shipping financing the current situation of the development of the shipping industry, and the current legal system, the analysis and Research on the necessity and feasibility of exploring the development of mortgagees'interest in China; finally, this paper makes a research on the mortgagees'interest status and role in the future development of our country, pointed out that the mortgagees'interest is bound to me in the development of shipping industry and shipping financing development, and proposed the development of mortgagees'interest policy suggestions for China's insurance industry and insurance companies, but also for the insurance company in Some adjustments are provided in the long-term future of the contract clause of the mortgaged interests insurance.
This paper argues that the introduction and development of mortgagees'interest can meet the needs of the development of ship mortgage financing development and China shipping and trade, perfecting the shipping insurance system in our country and protect our country's ship mortgage financing system smooth development, help to promote the development of marine economy in China. The mortgagee of ship the interests of insurance is the inevitable trend of our shipping industry and shipping financing development, our country to explore the development of mortgagees'interest has its necessity and feasibility. Although in theory and practice there are many issues worthy of study and research, but the mortgagees'interest in China's development prospects are good predictable. We believe that as long as the first step in trying to introduce this insurance, improve the theory and practice about the rich point the day and await for it.
The innovation of this paper lies in the following four aspects: first, this research is relatively new, currently has a research and analysis of mortgagees'interest are relatively weak, the lack of detailed analysis of mortgagees'interest comprehensive and comparative research; secondly, this article from the mortgagee the concept of insurance interest, subject, characteristics, contents of terms, combination of the perspective of law and economics methodology, the insurance in China's development of the necessity and feasibility of the content such as multi angle, multi-level research, a new study perspective, comprehensively; thirdly, this paper innovatively introduced method the economic analysis methods, starting from the angle of law and economics, using the theory of law and economics and tools, such as economic man, this kind of uncertainty, moral hazard, adverse selection, market failure, cost Benefit analysis and remedy for breach of contract, different from the ordinary civil and commercial law, it is difficult to get the characteristics of the traditional law theory and practice full explanation of the in-depth study, the more detailed and accurate research conclusion and recommendations of more pertinence, feasibility and operability; finally, in addition to the theoretical analysis and qualitative study. By comparative study on international law and economics method and quantitative analysis method, combined with the reality of China's current legal system and shipping insurance market of mortgagees'interest in the development of China's re positioning, a detailed study of the necessity of the development of China's mortgagees'interest, feasibility and development suggested that the development of mortgagees'interest is the inevitable trend of our country's security safe ship financing conclusion. Another innovation of this paper.

【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F552;F842.634;D922.294

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