船舶经营人在我国《海商法》下的识别问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 03:00

本文选题：船舶经营人　切入点：船舶登记　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2017年2月颁布实施的《中华人民共和国船舶登记办法》(以下简称《船舶登记办法》)取消了我国船舶经营人的登记。而船舶经营人作为《中华人民共和国海商法》(以下简称《海商法》)规定的重要海事主体之一,在实践中依然广泛存在且因相关法律规定模糊容易引发纠纷。识别标准不明确导致实践中无法以统一标准识别船舶经营人,尤其对于与其从事类似活动的主体难以排除,致使海事赔偿责任限制的主体不明确。对此,本文意在通过研究《海商法》下船舶经营人登记取消后识别方式的变化、船舶经营人含义的理解以及船舶经营人的特征,以期明确船舶经营人的识别标准,适应新形势的变化。最后对于与船舶经营人从事类似经营活动的相关海事主体进行尝试性分析,探讨其是否可以纳入船舶经营人的范畴,从而享受船舶经营人的相关权利。引言部分简要分析了船舶经营人的识别在法律规定与实践中的情况,阐述了本文的选题背景、研究任务以及写作思路。第一章提出问题,分析了船舶经营人在实践中的存在情况以及引发的问题,针对最新出台的《船舶登记办法》取消船舶经营人登记的情况,分析了当前船舶经营人登记中存在的问题,最后探讨了明确船舶经营人识别标准的重要性。第二章解释了船舶经营人在《海商法》下的含义,首先界定了本文研究对象的范围,之后从船舶经营人含义在学术界及司法实践中的现状入手,总结界定船舶经营人含义的争议焦点问题;通过对《海商法》中船舶经营人的立法意图的分析确定船舶经营人的理解角度;最后分析厘清存在争议的问题,对我国《海商法》中的船舶经营人含义作出本文的解释。第三章探讨了船舶经营人的识别依据,首先分析了船舶经营人登记取消对于其识别的影响。从船舶经营人经营权的来源、经营行为的要求以及收入的来源三个方面入手分析了船舶经营人的特征并将其推导为船舶经营人识别的主要依据。最后拟定出适应新形势的船舶经营人识别标准并提出船舶委托经营合同的改进对策。第四章进一步对实际从事船舶经营的相关海事主体包括船舶管理人、无船承运人、船舶挂靠人、船舶融资租赁人以及方便旗船经营人进行辨析,分析其是否可以纳入《海商法》所规定的船舶经营人的范畴,承担船舶经营人的责任,享受船舶经营人的权利。
[Abstract]:In February 2017, the regulations of the people's Republic of China on ship Registration (hereinafter referred to as "methods of ship Registration") cancelled the registration of Chinese ship operators, and the ship operators as the "Maritime Law of the people's Republic of China" (. "hereinafter referred to as" Maritime Law ") as one of the important maritime subjects, In practice, it still exists widely and it is easy to cause disputes because of the ambiguity of relevant laws and regulations. The identification standard is not clear enough to identify the ship operator with the unified standard in practice, especially for the subjects engaged in similar activities, especially for the subjects who engage in similar activities. The main body of the limitation of liability for maritime claims is not clear. In view of this, this paper intends to study the change of the identification mode after the cancellation of the registration of the ship operator under the Maritime Law, the understanding of the meaning of the ship operator and the characteristics of the ship operator. In order to make clear the identification standard of ship operator and adapt to the change of new situation, this paper makes a tentative analysis on the relevant maritime subject engaged in similar business activities with ship operator, and discusses whether it can be brought into the category of ship operator. The introduction briefly analyzes the identification of ship operators in the legal provisions and practice, expounds the background of this topic, research tasks and writing ideas. The first chapter puts forward questions. This paper analyzes the existing situation of ship operator in practice and the problems caused by it. In view of the situation of canceling the registration of ship operator, the problems existing in the registration of ship operator are analyzed. Finally, it discusses the importance of identifying the ship operator. Chapter two explains the meaning of the ship operator under the Maritime Law, and defines the scope of the research object. Then, from the current situation of the meaning of ship operator in the academic and judicial practice, the paper summarizes the controversial focus of defining the meaning of ship operator; Through the analysis of the legislative intention of the ship operator in the Maritime Law, the author determines the understanding angle of the ship operator, and finally analyzes and clarifies the controversial issues, The meaning of ship operator in Maritime Law of China is explained in this paper. Chapter three discusses the identification basis of ship operator. Firstly, this paper analyzes the influence of the cancellation of ship operator's registration on its identification. This paper analyzes the characteristics of ship operators and deduces them as the main basis for the identification of ship operators. Finally, the identification criteria for ship operators adapted to the new situation are worked out. In Chapter 4th, the relevant maritime subjects engaged in ship management, including the ship manager, are further discussed in Chapter 4th. The non-ship carrier, the ship operator, the vessel financing charterer and the convenience flag vessel operator shall be differentiated and analyzed, and whether they can be brought into the scope of the ship operator stipulated in the Maritime Law, and bear the responsibility of the ship operator, Enjoy the rights of the ship's operator.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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