《运输法公约草案》下承运人责任基础问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 10:24

本文选题：责任基础　切入点：归责原则　出处：《大连海事大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海上货物运输承运人的责任制度是海上货物运输立法的核心，而其责任基础更是核心中的核心，对于责任制度的内容起着决定性的作用。从实质上来讲，，海上货物运输承运人对于货物的毁损承担的是一种民事责任，所以海运立法所确立的责任基础往往与民事责任归责原则密不可分。本文第一章首先介绍了民事责任几种主要的归责原则(包括过错责任原则、无过错责任和严格责任原则)，并分析了其举证责任的分担和免责事由。由于国际公约和各国法律在规定上的不一致，长久以来关于承运人责任基础的问题存在着不少误区和争议。本文第二章详细地分析了海运立法所确立的责任基础的历史发展，从普通法的严格责任，到《哈特法》、《海牙规则》的不完全的过错责任，再到《汉堡规则》的完全过错责任，每一次立法的变化都是与时代的发展相协调的。从国内法而言，海上货物运输承运人的责任制度影响了货物运输风险在货物利益方和运输利益方之间的分担。上升到国际立法的角度，国际立法中承运人责任制度的确立都代表了航运国家和货主国家之间在商业上的妥协。本文第三、四章对最新《运输法公约草案》下承运人责任基础有关法条进行分析和评价，尤其是详细阐述了其中有关承运人航海过失和火灾免责、首要义务原则的变化，可能对承运人责任的承担带来的影响。我国《海商法》自颁布以来对于我国航运和贸易的发展起到了推动作用，但是随着我国的经济发展和国际航运形势的变化，对于我国《海商法》的修改已刻不容缓，而承运人归责原则的修改无疑是核心。本文第五章借鉴了国际货物运输法的规定，特别是《运输法公约草案》的最新成果，提出了对我国《海商法》关于承运人责任基础中主要条文的立法修改建议，并阐述了进行这种立法修改的合理性。
[Abstract]:The liability system of the carrier for the carriage of goods by sea is the core of the legislation on the carriage of goods by sea, and the basis of its liability is the core of the core, which plays a decisive role in the content of the liability system. The carrier in the carriage of goods by sea bears a civil liability for the damage of the goods, Therefore, the basis of liability established by maritime legislation is often closely related to the principle of civil liability. The first chapter of this paper introduces several main principles of liability (including the principle of fault liability). The principle of no-fault liability and strict liability is discussed, and the sharing of burden of proof and reasons of exemption are analyzed. Because of the inconsistency between the international conventions and the laws of various countries, there have been many misunderstandings and controversies on the basis of the carrier's liability for a long time. The second chapter of this paper analyzes in detail the historical development of the liability basis established by the maritime transport legislation. From the strict liability of the common law to the incomplete fault liability of the Hart Act and the Hague rules, to the complete fault liability of the Hamburg rules, every legislative change is in harmony with the development of the times. In terms of domestic law, the liability regime of carriers in the carriage of goods by sea affects the sharing of risks in the carriage of goods between the interests of the goods and the parties involved in the carriage of goods. The establishment of carrier liability system in international legislation represents the commercial compromise between shipping country and cargo owner country. In particular, the change of the principle of the carrier's nautical negligence and fire exemption, and the principle of the primary obligation, may have an impact on the carrier's liability. Since the promulgation of the Maritime Law of China, it has played an important role in promoting the development of shipping and trade in China. However, with the development of our economy and the change of international shipping situation, it is urgent to amend the Maritime Law of our country. The modification of carrier imputation principle is undoubtedly the core. The fifth chapter draws lessons from the provisions of the international carriage of goods law, especially the latest achievements of the draft Convention on Transport Law. This paper puts forward some legislative amendments to the main provisions of the carrier's liability in Maritime Law of China, and expounds the reasonableness of such legislative amendments.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】