论我国第三人利益合同的制度建立

发布时间：2018-03-25 16:36

本文选题：合同　切入点：第三人利益合同　出处：《西北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：第三人利益合同作为合同形式的一种，对于保护合同当事人尤其是利益第三人的权益具有十分重要的意义,大多数国家法律都对第三人利益合同制度予以接受和承认，很多国家都有具体明确的法律予以规制。目前我国民法以及合同法虽有关于第三人合同的提法，但只能算作“不真正意义上的第三人利益合同”，并没有严格意义上的第三人利益合同的一般规则，导致合同当事人及其利益第三人的权益得不到应有的保护，在实践中最直接的表现就在于利益第三人没有直接请求权，由于请求权基础无法确定而没有权利独立提起诉讼，也没有权利独立向债务人主张给付请求权，这就使得第三人的利益在很大程度上得不到任何保障。虽然在我国的一些单行法中如保险法、海商法等法规中，有认可第三人的受益权的规定，比如保险法中承认受益人的法律地位，使其作为第三人而享有收益权。但是这些零散的规定还远远不能满足现实生活中纷繁复杂的第三人利益合同纠纷，建立符合我国当今社会发展的第三人利益合同制度，不仅能够完善我国的合同法法律体系，为实践中的第三人利益合同提供现实意义的执行规范，填补我国第三人利益合同的制度漏洞，，而且对于第三人的利益保护和整体的私法秩序都具有十分重要的意义。本文主要从第三人利益合同制度的发展历史以及基本原理入手，并分析第三人利益合同在我国的立法现状以及所存在的问题，通过现实案例以及所存在的问题的分析，提出建立符合我国现有私法体系的第三人利益合同制度，以期在今后的民事立法中能够有所体现。
[Abstract]:As a form of contract, the contract of interest of the third party is of great significance for the protection of the rights and interests of the parties to the contract, especially the interests of the third party. Most national laws accept and recognize the contract system of the interests of the third party. Many countries have specific and specific laws to regulate them. At present, although China's civil law and contract law have a reference to the third party contract, However, it can only be regarded as "the contract of interest of the third party in the non-real sense", and there are no general rules for the contract of the interests of the third party in the strict sense, which leads to the lack of due protection of the rights and interests of the parties to the contract and the interests of the third party. In practice, the most direct expression lies in the fact that the third party of interest has no direct right of claim, because the basis of the right of claim cannot be determined, so he has no right to initiate an action independently, nor does he have the right to claim the right of claim for payment to the debtor independently. This leaves the interests of the third party largely unprotected. Although in some special laws of our country, such as insurance law, maritime law and other regulations, there are provisions to recognize the beneficial rights of third parties. For example, the insurance law recognizes the legal status of the beneficiary and gives him the right to profit as a third party. However, these scattered provisions are far from satisfying the complicated contract disputes between the interests of the third party in real life. The establishment of the contract system of interest of the third party, which accords with the social development of our country, can not only perfect the legal system of contract law of our country, but also provide practical norms for the implementation of the contract of interest of the third party in practice. It is of great significance for the protection of the interests of the third party and the whole private law order to fill the loopholes in the system of contract for the interests of the third party in our country. This article mainly starts with the development history and basic principle of the third party interest contract system, and analyzes the legislation status and the existing problems of the third party interest contract in our country, through the actual case and the analysis of the existing problems. This paper puts forward the establishment of the contract system of the benefit of the third party in accordance with the existing private law system of our country, in the hope that it can be reflected in the civil legislation in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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