港口经营人责任限制问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 01:42

本文选题：港口经营人　切入点：海运履约方　出处：《大连海事大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在目前法律制度下,我国港口经营人的法律地位处于十分不明确的境地。港口经营人作为海上货物运输环节中重要的一部分,港口经营人的法律地位并没有上升到立法的层面予以解决,《海商法》及其他国内现行法律都没有赋予其对承运人规定的有关抗辩理由和责任限制的权利。在司法实践中,常将港口经营人赋予“实际承运人”,“承运人受雇人”,“独立缔约人”,“履行辅助人”等身份,从而援引《海商法》的规定来享受属于承运人的抗辩权和赔偿责任限制权利。以上说法各执一词,都有极大说服力,但所针对的都是司法实践中的具体问题的解决,在实体法上港口经营人的法律地位仍然身份不明。《鹿特丹规则》在货物运输法律中首次引入了“海运履约方”制度,在运输法律中确立了包括“港口海运履约方”在内的各海运履约方的法律制度和法律责任。随着《鹿特丹规则》的诞生,“海运履约方”作为《鹿特丹规则》新创设的责任主体,在《鹿特丹规则》中海运履约方的相关规定形成了一套完整的制度,包括主体、权利、义务、责任、诉讼等,将港口经营人划分入“海运履约方”的范畴,明确规定享受和承运人一样的抗辩和责任限制权利,为港口经营人问题的解决提供了新的契机,将海运履约方纳入货方直接的索赔对象可以缓解承运人与履约方之间相互追索的问题,避免审判资源的浪费。但《鹿特丹规则》下的港口履约方并不完全等同我国《港口法》意义上的港口经营人,本文从我国现行法律下的港口经营人的含义和范围入手,对现行法律及《鹿特丹规则》下的港口经营人的责任限制赔偿问题进行分析。本文共分三部分：第一章从理论和司法实践上两个方面,分析我国现行法律下港口经营人责任限制问题的现状。第二章阐述在现行《海商法》下,港口经营人责任限制问题所面对的困境,将港口经营人根据其在不同法律关系中的表现分别定义法律地位,并探索在现有法律体系下港口经营人责任限制问题的解决之道并提出自己的看法。第三章展望《鹿特丹规则》下海运履约方制度的引入对港口经营人在海上货物运输中的法律关系所产生的影响,区别海运履约方和港口经营人之间的关系,并讨论海运履约方制度下的港口经营人的责任限制问题。
[Abstract]:Under the current legal system, the legal status of the port operator in our country is very uncertain. The port operator is an important part of the maritime cargo transportation. The legal status of the port operator has not been raised to the level of legislation, the Maritime Law and other domestic existing laws have not given them the right of defense and limitation of liability stipulated by the carrier. The port operator is often assigned the status of "actual carrier", "carrier servant", "independent contracting party", "performance assistant", etc. Thus invoking the provisions of the Maritime Law to enjoy the rights of defense and limitation of liability belonging to the carrier. The above statements are very persuasive, but they are aimed at the solution of specific problems in judicial practice. The legal status of the port operator remains unknown in substantive law. The Rotterdam rules introduced for the first time the "maritime performing party" system in the law of the carriage of goods, The legal system and liability of each maritime performing party, including port maritime performing party, has been established in the transport law. With the birth of the Rotterdam rules, the "maritime performing party", as the newly created subject of liability in the Rotterdam rules, forms a complete system, including the subject, the right, the relevant provisions of the maritime performing party in the "Rotterdam rules". Obligation, liability, litigation and so on, dividing the port operator into the category of "maritime performing party", clearly stipulating the right of defense and limitation of liability as that of the carrier, which provides a new opportunity for solving the problem of port operator. It can alleviate the problem of mutual recourse between the carrier and the performing party and avoid the waste of trial resources. However, the port performing party under the Rotterdam rules is not exactly equal to the port operator in the sense of port law of our country. This paper starts with the meaning and scope of the port operator under the current law of our country. This paper analyzes the liability limitation compensation of port operators under the current law and Rotterdam rules. This paper is divided into three parts:. The first chapter analyzes the current situation of the limitation of the liability of the port operator under the current law of our country from the two aspects of theory and judicial practice. The second chapter expounds the plight of the limitation of the liability of the port operator under the current Maritime Law, and defines the legal status of the port operator according to his performance in different legal relations. It also explores the solutions to the limitation of the liability of port operators under the existing legal system and puts forward its own views. Chapter III looks forward to the impact of the introduction of the maritime performing party system under the Rotterdam rules on the legal relationship of the port operator in the carriage of goods by sea, and distinguishes the relationship between the maritime performing party and the port operator. The limitation of the liability of the port operator under the maritime performing party system is also discussed.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294

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