论海难救助中救助人的义务

发布时间：2018-03-30 04:09

本文选题：海难救助　切入点：救助人义务　出处：《对外经济贸易大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：海难救助是海商法中一项古老而又独特的制度,其最初的立法目的在于对冒险救助海上财产的救助人进行鼓励,从而维护海上航行安全,所以早期的海难救助法律制度一般都只着重规定救助人在救助取得成效后请求报酬的权利, 而很少涉及对救助人应当承担和履行的义务的规定。这样,很可能会造成救助过程中救助人与被救助人之间利益的失衡。同时,受海难救助法律制度中传统的“无效果,无报酬”原则的影响,过去各国法院对救助人违反义务的行为, 只有在其主观上有重大过失或故意时才会对其追究责任,并且责任形式也多局限于或减少其救助报酬或完全剥夺其本可获得的救助报酬,即都以救助人本应获得的救助报酬的数额为上限。随着海上船舶和其他财产价值的日益提高,这种“重大过失原则”似乎过分地保护了救助人的权利,而忽略了被救助人的利益。所以,用“一般过失原则”代替“重大过失原则”开始成为各国法院处理相关案件时的变化趋势。本文通过对有关海难救助的国际公约、英美国家相关法律和判例及我国海商法的有关规定进行分析,着重论述了救助人在两种主要救助形式一纯救助和合同救助下分别应当承担的义务,讨论了救助人违反义务时应当承担的后果和责任,并对我国《海商法》应当明确规定对救助人适用“一般过失原则”提出了建议。
[Abstract]:Salvage at sea is an ancient and unique system in maritime law, and its original legislative purpose is to. Rescuers who take the risk of rescuing property at sea are encouraged to maintain the safety of maritime navigation, so the early seas. Generally speaking, the legal system of difficult rescue only lays stress on the right of the rescuer to claim compensation after the aid is effective. There is little reference to the obligation of the salvor. In this way, it is likely to result in relief. At the same time, the tradition in the legal system of salvage at sea. The effect of the principle of "no effect, no reward" on past breaches of obligations by national courts against rescuers, They will be held responsible only if they are subject to gross negligence or intent, and in many ways. To limit or reduce his reward for relief or to deprive him entirely of the reward for his assistance, that is to say, that the salvor should have been. With the increasing value of ships and other property at sea, The "gross negligence principle" seems to protect the rights of the rescuer excessively, while neglecting the interests of the rescued person. Therefore, the substitution of "gross negligence principle" for "general negligence principle" began to be dealt with by national courts. The trend of change in relevant cases. This article adopts the international convention on salvage at sea. The law and case law and the relevant provisions of China's maritime law are analyzed, with emphasis on two main aspects of the salvor. The form of salvage is the obligations to be undertaken under pure salvage and contract salvage respectively, and the breach of obligation by the salvor is discussed. The consequences and responsibilities to be borne by the parties, and the application to the salvor of the Maritime Law of China should be clearly specified. The principle of general negligence makes recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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