海事赔偿责任限制研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 03:19

本文选题：海事赔偿责任限制　切入点：海事赔偿责任限制主体　出处：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文根据国际海事公约和我国海商法律、法规，结合海事审判实务，讨论和研究海事赔偿责任限制的若干理论和实践问题。文章认为：海事赔偿责任限制是一项具有悠久历史的海事法律制度，也是一项不同于民事赔偿原则的特殊法律制度。《1957年海船所有人责任限制国际公约》和《1976年海事索赔责任限制公约》在扩大责任限制主体、促进航运业发展；提高责任限额、合理限制责任；海上人身伤亡损害赔偿的特别保护；以及赔偿方式有利于债权人、责任人的原则呈现统一趋势。国际海事界经过近百年的运作，对海事赔偿责任限制的调整范围达成比较一致的共识，形成了比较完整的制度体系，这套制度包括责任限制的主体、限制性债权和非限制性债权的范围、赔偿限额标准以及丧失责任限制的条件等。《海商法》规定，海事赔偿责任限制主体包括船舶所有人、船舶承租人、船舶经营人、救助人、责任保险人及船舶所有人、救助人的雇佣人、代理人等。笔者认为，《国际海运条例》规定的“无船承运人”作为以承运人身份经营海上运输的公共承运人，因其不拥有船舶、不经营控制船舶，区别于对船舶具有利益的船舶所有人、船舶承租人及船舶经营人等责任限制主体，从而无法限制赔偿责任。关于海事赔偿责任限制与海事赔偿责任限制基金的关系。设立海事赔偿责任限制基金不应以责任人是否丧失海事赔偿责任限制为审查标准；海事赔偿责任限制基金将对债权人行使债权的影响。关于海事赔偿责任限制与船舶优先权的关系。船舶优先权的规定不影响海事赔偿责任限制的实施；海事赔偿责任限制基金设立和分配将影响和消灭船舶优先权。最后分析了我国海事赔偿责任限制制度适用方面的特点及有关程序问题，指出了我国海事赔偿责任限制制度的缺陷并提出相应的立法对策。总之，，海事赔偿责任限制制度中还有许多有争议的问题亟待解决。笔者仅提出了自己的看法，不足之处敬请指正。
[Abstract]:Based on the international maritime conventions and Chinese maritime laws and regulations, combined with the maritime trial practice, this paper discusses and studies some theoretical and practical problems concerning the limitation of liability for maritime claims. Limitation of liability for maritime claims is a maritime legal system with a long history. It is also a special legal regime different from the principle of civil compensation. The 1957 International Convention on the limitation of the liability of owners of ships and the 1976 Convention on limitation of liability for Maritime claims expand the subject of liability limitation, promote the development of the shipping industry, and raise the liability limit, The principle of reasonable limitation of liability; special protection of compensation for personal injury and injury at sea; and the principle of compensation in favour of creditors and responsible persons show a unified trend. After nearly one hundred years of operation, the international maritime community has reached a relatively consistent consensus on the scope of the adjustment of the limitation of liability for maritime claims, and has formed a relatively complete system system, which includes the subject of the limitation of liability. The scope of restrictive and non-restrictive claims, limits of compensation and conditions for loss of liability. The Maritime Law stipulates that the subject of limitation of liability for maritime claims includes the owner of the ship, the charterer, the operator of the ship, the salvor, the liable insurer and the owner of the ship, and the servant of the salvor, The author thinks that the "non-ship carrier" stipulated in the International Maritime regulations, as a public carrier who operates maritime transport as a carrier, does not own the ship and does not operate and control the ship. Different from the owner, charterer and operator of the ship, it is impossible to limit the liability. On the relationship between limitation of liability for maritime claims and limitation fund for liability for maritime claims. The establishment of the limitation fund for liability for maritime claims should not be based on whether the person responsible loses the limitation of liability for maritime claims as the standard of examination; The effect of the limitation of liability for maritime claims on the creditor's rights. On the relationship between limitation of liability for maritime claims and maritime liens. The provisions of maritime liens do not affect the implementation of limitation of liability for maritime claims; the establishment and distribution of the limitation fund for maritime liability will affect and destroy maritime liens. Finally, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the limitation system of maritime claims liability and some procedural problems, points out the defects of the limitation system of maritime claims liability in China and puts forward the corresponding legislative countermeasures. In a word, there are still many controversial problems in the limitation system of maritime claims liability.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

【引证文献】