表见代理制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 14:35

本文选题：表见代理　切入点：构成要件　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为一项重要的民商法制度，表见代理不仅是代理制度走向成熟的标志，更是在衡平被代理人与善意第三人利益的基础上，促进交易顺利完成以实现经济迅速发展的重要手段。但是，鉴于表见代理将权利表象视为真实权利的处置方式，这与常理不符，由此导致理论界与实务界对表见代理制度的相关规则产生了重大分歧。因此，本文将围绕这些分歧进行综合分析，，从而能够对表见代理制度的规则有个清楚的把握。基于此，本文将从以下几个方面来深入分析表见代理制度：第一章：表见代理的制度价值及性质。表见代理作为一项制度，必然有其存在价值，而其价值体现必然受制于相应的理论基础。表见代理的理论基础也就是在制定表见代理规则时，立法者所依托的法理基础，主要包括外观主义、衡平原则和信赖保护原则。这部分内容为表见代理制度的准确适用打下了牢固的理论基石。在制度构建意义层面上，表见代理不仅维护并增强了代理制度的信用度，填补了代理制度存在的功能性残缺，而且在衡量被代理人与善意第三人的利益价值时，同时对二者的利益提供了平等的保护机会，最终实现交易秩序的安全与稳定，促进经济的高效运行。对表见代理性质的理解，学者们各执一词，主要归结于有权代理说或狭义无权代理说。然而，这些观点都没有从全面的视角，对表见代理的本质作出正确的判定。实际上，表见代理与有权代理、狭义无权代理存在根本的区别，表见代理实质为“广义的无权代理”，即表见代理的本质是被代理人与无权代理人之间缺乏授予代理权的基础，但能产生与有权代理一样的法律责任，这只是法律拟制的结果。第二章：表见代理构成要件的分析。学者们对表见代理构成要件的理解上，以被代理人的过错是否为要件之一为争议点，存在两种截然不同的观点，即“单一要件说”和“双重要件说”，这两种观点皆有其可取之处，但也存在各自的弊端。对构成要件的认定意见上，虽然表见代理仍属于“双重要件说”，但是除客观上存在代理权表象这一要件以外，应将被代理人的过错要件改为依风险原则确定被代理人方面的要件更为全面，将相对第三人的无过失要素归入善意要件之中更为合理，无需再单独列出。
[Abstract]:As an important civil and commercial law system, apparent agency is not only a sign of the maturity of the agency system, but also an important means to balance the interests of the principal and the bona fide third party, and to promote the successful completion of the transaction in order to realize the rapid economic development.However, in view of the fact that the apparent agency regards the representation of the right as the way to deal with the real right, this is not in accordance with common sense, which leads to great differences between the theoretical and practical circles on the relevant rules of the apparent agency system.Therefore, this paper will make a comprehensive analysis around these differences, so as to have a clear understanding of the rules of apparent agency system.Based on this, this paper will analyze the surrogate system from the following aspects:Chapter one: the system value and nature of apparent agency.As a system, apparent agency must have its existence value, and its value embodiment is bound to be subject to the corresponding theoretical basis.The theoretical basis of apparent agency is the legal basis which the legislator relies on when making the rule of apparent agency, mainly including the principle of appearance, the principle of balance and the principle of trust protection.This part lays a solid theoretical foundation for the accurate application of apparent agency system.In the sense of system construction, apparent agency not only maintains and strengthens the credit degree of agency system, but also fills the functional defect of agency system, and measures the benefit value of agent and bona fide third party.At the same time, it provides equal protection opportunities for the interests of the two parties, and finally realizes the security and stability of the transaction order and promotes the efficient operation of the economy.On the understanding of the nature of apparent agency, scholars hold their own words, mainly due to the theory of authorized agency or narrow sense of unauthorized agency.However, these views do not make a correct judgment on the nature of apparent agency from a comprehensive perspective.In fact, there is a fundamental difference between the apparent agency and the authorized agent. In the narrow sense, the apparent agency is essentially "the broad sense of the unauthorized agent", that is, the essence of the apparent agency is the lack of the basis for granting the agency power between the principal and the unauthorized agent.But can produce the same legal liability as the right to act, this is only the result of legal fiction.Chapter two: the analysis of the constitution of agency.On the understanding of the constitutive elements of apparent agency, there are two different views on whether the fault of the principal is one of the elements, that is, "the theory of single elements" and "the theory of double elements".Both views have their merits, but they also have their own drawbacks.In the opinion of determining the constituent elements, although the apparent agency still belongs to the "double element theory", except for the fact that there exists the representation of the agency power objectively,It is necessary to change the fault element of the principal agent to that of the principal agent according to the principle of risk, and it is more reasonable to classify the no-fault element of the third party into the bona fide element, and there is no need to list it separately.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.6

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