电子代理人法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 21:50

本文选题：电子代理人 + 法律本质　；参考：《安徽大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 电子商务的迅猛发展给传统民商法理论带来了前所未有的挑战。与传统的合同法理论中合同的订立由双方当事人或其代理人直接参与，多是“面对面”(Face to Face)的方式相比，网络经济更多地呈现出虚拟性。尤其是随着网络经济的日益成熟，更多的合同是通过电子合同的形式表现出来，即通过EDI(电子数据交换)、电子邮件、网页点击或企业自动反应系统订立。基于大规模电子商务发展的需要，越来越多的商家在电子交易尤其是在B2B电子商务中采用智能化系统。这些智能化交易系统便是电子代理人。从法律本质上讲，电子代理人并不具备独立的法律人格，其实质是计算机程序，电子的或其他自动化手段，是辅助当事人签订合同的交易工具。电子代理人与民商法之代理人有本质区别；但与传统民商法严禁代理人同时为双方代理相左，电子代理人可同时“代理”双方。电子代理人无独立的意思表达能力和缔约能力，但承认电子合同的有效性，尤其是电子代理人签订合同的有效性对电子商务的发展有极其重要的意义。由于电子代理人本身只是一种智能化交易系统，虽然它的信息可以自动交流和处理，但都是遵从用户预先设定好的程序作出反映，且使用者可以在程序运行中随时介入。因此，其行为之结果理应由使用者承担。因计算机程序或其他自动化手段本身的瑕疵，引发了在特殊环境下的责任承担问题(主要是“电子错误”问题)。从维护交易安全的目的出发，以及考虑现有的法律、技术和社会信用体系的实际欠缺，在电子代理人的应用中，应对其使用者的主体条件作必要限制；对其最终支配人相关信息的披露和订约程序中的关键问题作具体要求以及进行必要的安全保障等。关于电子代理人的立法，鉴于现阶段我国对电子商务法律问题的研究还不够深入，所以制定一部统一《电子商务法》的时机还不成熟。笔者认为可以对现行法律体系中涉及电子商务的相关法律法规作必要的修改和补充，使其能更好地保障和促进电子商务的发展。根据我国情况，可以在民法总则中的代理制度中对电子代理作一例外规定；在合同法中把电子代理人签订的合同作为合同订立的一种方式，在合同的成立时间与地点、要约与承诺、合同的效力以及订立的程序等方面作相关规定；严格规定电子代理人当事人审查机会的给予及提请注意、予以说明义务的确立，，确保交易对象审查要约或承诺内容权利的充分行使；引入电子错误及消费者抗辩权制度；在电子代理人的风险控制和安全保障其他方面，要认真研究保密和信息的合法访问、认证机构法律责任等方面问题，并有针对性地进行法律制度的建设或完善。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of electronic commerce has brought unprecedented challenges to the traditional theory of civil and commercial law.Compared with the traditional contract law theory, in which the parties or their agents directly participate in the conclusion of the contract, most of them are "face to face" face to face, the network economy presents more fictitious.Especially with the increasing maturity of the network economy, more contracts are made through the form of electronic contracts, that is, through EDI (Electronic data Interchange, E-mail, Web page click or enterprise automatic response system).Based on the development of large scale electronic commerce, more and more merchants adopt intelligent system in electronic transaction, especially in B2B electronic commerce.These intelligent trading systems are electronic agents.The essence of law is that electronic agent does not have independent legal personality, its essence is computer program, electronic or other automatic means, and it is a transaction tool to assist the parties to sign contracts.The electronic agent is essentially different from the civil and commercial law agent, but it is different from the traditional civil and commercial law to prohibit the agent from acting for both sides at the same time, and the electronic agent can "act as the agent" for both parties at the same time.Electronic agents have no independent ability to express their will and conclude contracts, but it is very important for the development of electronic commerce to recognize the validity of electronic contracts, especially the validity of contracts signed by electronic agents.Because electronic agent is only a kind of intelligent trading system, although its information can be exchanged and processed automatically, it can respond to the user's pre-set program, and the user can intervene in the program at any time.Therefore, the result of its behavior should be borne by the user.Due to the flaw of computer program or other automation means, the problem of responsibility (mainly electronic error) in special environment is caused.For the purpose of maintaining transaction security and considering the practical deficiency of the existing legal, technical and social credit system, the main conditions of the users should be restricted in the application of electronic agents.The disclosure of relevant information and the key issues in the contracting procedure are required and the necessary safety and security are carried out.As for the legislation of electronic agent, in view of the fact that the research on the legal problems of electronic commerce in our country is not deep enough at present, the time is not ripe to formulate a unified electronic commerce law.The author thinks that the relevant laws and regulations related to electronic commerce in the current legal system can be amended and supplemented so that they can better protect and promote the development of electronic commerce.According to the situation of our country, we can make an exception to the electronic agent in the agency system in the general principles of civil law, and regard the contract signed by the electronic agent as a way of concluding the contract in the contract law, at the time and place when the contract is established.The offer and acceptance, the validity of the contract and the procedure for the conclusion of the contract, etc.; strict provisions of the electronic agent party review of the opportunity to give and raisePlease note that the obligation to specify is established to ensure the full exercise of the right of the object of the transaction to review the content of the offer or acceptance; the introduction of an electronic error and consumer defence system; and other aspects of the risk control and security of an electronic agent,It is necessary to study the issues of confidentiality and legal access to information, legal liability of certification bodies, and to build or perfect the legal system.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D923

【引证文献】